ABSTRACT: This paper examines the transition from S-57 to S-101 in the context of implementing the S-100 framework, with particular attention to dual-fuel ENC production and its broader operational implications. The study is based on a comparative analysis of IHO normative documents, technical guidance on S-57-to-S-101 conversion, regulatory materials governing ECDIS use, and research literature on transitional production architectures. The analysis identifies the principal structural and functional differences between S-57 and S-101, including changes in data modelling, feature specification, portrayal logic, exchange mechanisms, validation procedures, data protection, and interoperability with other S-100 products. It shows that S-57→S-101 conversion cannot be understood as a simple format transformation, since it is constrained by semantic mismatches, differing relationship models, the need to normalize source data, non-equivalent update mechanisms, and the necessity of post-conversion validation and human review. The paper argues that dual-fuel production should be treated as a distinct production and implementation problem affecting database design, workflow organization, quality control, and transition planning. At the same time, the study emphasizes that these producer-side changes are not isolated from practice, since the shift toward the S-100 environment also has implications for ECDIS familiarization, training requirements, bridge procedures, and the broader conditions of navigational safety. The findings suggest that product-neutral database architectures provide the most sustainable long-term basis for parallel S-57 and S-101 production, although their adoption requires substantial institutional and technical investment.

KEYWORDS: Safety of Navigation, Maritime Education and Training (MET), Aids to Navigation (AtoN), e-Navigation, Integration of Navigation, Methods and Algorithms, Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC), Cybersecurity

REFERENCES