Journal is indexed in following databases:
- SCOPUS
- Web of Science Core Collection - Journal Citation Reports
- EBSCOhost
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- TRID Database - Transportation Research Board
- Index Copernicus Journals Master List
- BazTech
- Google Scholar
2024 Journal Impact Factor - 0.6
2024 CiteScore - 1.9
ISSN 2083-6473
ISSN 2083-6481 (electronic version)
Editor-in-Chief
Associate Editor
Prof. Tomasz Neumann
Published by
TransNav, Faculty of Navigation
Gdynia Maritime University
3, John Paul II Avenue
81-345 Gdynia, POLAND
e-mail transnav@umg.edu.pl
Maritime TVET in Transition: Global Trends, Institutional Innovation, and Strategic Reform
A.S. Kamis 1
, A.F. Ahmad Fuad 1
, S.A. Ali 1
, W.N. Wan Mansor 1
, S.Z.A. Syed Ahmad 1
, M.F.A. Akhbar 1
, A.F. Ahmad Fuad 1
, S.A. Ali 1
, W.N. Wan Mansor 1
, S.Z.A. Syed Ahmad 1
, M.F.A. Akhbar 1
1 University of Malaysia, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
ABSTRACT: The rapid transformation of the maritime industry, driven by technological advancements, digitalisation, and evolving regulatory frameworks, has created an urgent need to modernise maritime Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). This review examines the current landscape, innovations, and challenges in maritime TVET by analysing a broad range of recent academic and institutional literature. The study identifies key areas of focus, including curriculum relevance, simulation-based and digital learning, competency-based education, and strong industry-academic collaboration. It highlights the importance of integrating emerging technologies such as e-learning, virtual reality, and smart glass to meet industry standards and prepare graduates for dynamic maritime careers. Additionally, it emphasises the necessity of expanding access to TVET pathways, upgrading instructor competencies, and aligning national policy with practical workforce demands. The findings underscore that a flexible, responsive, and industry-aligned TVET system, supported by sustainable funding, global collaboration, and policy reform, is essential for developing a future-ready maritime workforce capable of supporting sustainable growth.
KEYWORDS: Maritime Education and Training (MET), Maritime Policy, Simulation, Safety Management, Decision Making, Sustainable Development, Human Factors, Information Technology
REFERENCES
Abdullah, S. A., Saud, M. S., & Kamin, Y. (2019). M-learning for technical and vocational education training (TVET). International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 7236–7239. - doi:10.35940/ijrte.C6291.098319
ALAM. (2019). Deck Ratings - ALAM. https://www.alam.edu.my/courses/deck-ratings/
Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S. F., Altouby, S., Alwahaibi, N., & Brommels, M. (2020). The application of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation to job satisfaction in clinical laboratories in Omani hospitals. Heliyon, 6(9), e04829. - doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829
Amoamah, M. O., Ndom, E., Ampiaw, R. E., & Dadzie, J. (2017). Funding of Quality TVET Programmes in Tertiary Institutions : The Role of Business Development Units. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 8(22).
Aniah, A., & Mohammed, A. (2021). Challenges of technical vocational education and training (TVET) and the need for enhanced educational technology in technical schools in Nigeria. Integrity Journal of Education and Training, 5(2), 23–27. - doi:10.31248/IJET2021.103
Aryal, B. P. (2020). Financing of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Nepal. Journal of Education and Research, 10(1). - doi:10.3126/jer.v10i1.31898
Baldauf, M., Dalaklis, D., & Kataria, A. (2016). TEAM TRAINING IN SAFETY AND SECURITY VIA SIMULATION: A PRACTICAL DIMENSION OF MARITIME EDUCATION AND TRAINING. INTED2016 Proceedings, 1. - doi:10.21125/inted.2016.0983
Baldauf, M., & Hong, S.-B. (2016). Improving and Assessing the Impact of e-Navigation applications. International Journal of E-Navigation and Maritime Economy, 4, 1–12. - doi:10.1016/j.enavi.2016.06.001
Baylon, A., & Santos, E. (2023). Maritime Security Initiatives at Maap: Implications for a Ched-Funded Partnership with the University of Wollongong Australia. Pedagogika-Pedagogy, 95(6s), 56–63. - doi:10.53656/ped2023-6s.06
Bhattarai, P. C., Baral, D. P., & Paudel, P. K. (2021). Technical and Vocational Education and Training Fund in Nepal: Present Practice and Way Forward. Journal of Training and Development, 6(01). - doi:10.3126/jtd.v6i01.41778
Bolmsten, J., Manuel, M. E., Kaizer, A., Kasepõld, K., Sköld, D., & Ziemska, M. (2021). Educating the Global Maritime Professional—a case of collaborative e-learning. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 20(3). - doi:10.1007/s13437-020-00224-w
Caria, M., Todde, G., Sara, G., Piras, M., & Pazzona, A. (2020). Performance and usability of smartglasses for augmented reality in precision livestock farming operations. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10(7). - doi:10.3390/app10072318
Carter, O. B. J., Mills, B. W., & Ross, N. P. (2018). Correction: Assessing simulation-based clinical training: Comparing the concurrent validity of students’ self-reported satisfaction and confidence measures against objective clinical examinations. BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning, 4(3). - doi:10.1136/bmjstel-2015-000089corr1
Catalin, P. (2013). THE E-LEARNING PARTICULARITIES FOR MARITIME TRAINING AND EDUCATION. STUDY CASE ON TRAINING SIMULATOR FOR INTEGRATED SHIP MANAGEMENT. 9th International Conference ELearning and Software for Education, 2. - doi:10.12753/2066-026X-13-148
Chadwick, K., & Cashen, L. (2020). The ‘berth’ of a maritime management program: A case study on value creation through industry–university collaboration. Industry and Higher Education, 34(2). - doi:10.1177/0950422219885866
Chinyere Shirley, A., Chijioke, O. P., & Benjamin Chukwumaijem, O. (2015). Towards Quality Technical Vocational Education and Training (Tvet) Programmes in Nigeria: Challenges and Improvement Strategies. Journal of Education and Learning, 4(1). - doi:10.5539/jel.v4n1p25
Choi, Y., & Kim, Y. (2021). Applications of smart helmet in applied sciences: A systematic review. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(11). - doi:10.3390/app11115039
Citizen Journal. (2024). Penang leads the way with 129 MakerLabs in schools. https://cj.my/146608/penang-leads-the-way-with-129-makerlabs-in-schools/
Dambudzo, I. I. (2013). Collaboration in the Integration of Academic and TVET through ODL and Industry: Strategies, Challenges and Opportunities. Greener Journal of Social Sciences, 3(9), 423–433. - doi:10.15580/GJSS.2013.9.280913867
Danylenko, O. B., Soroka, O. M., Dukov, D. F., Soshnikov, S. G., & Kramarenko, V. V. (2021). Application of information and communication technologies and simulators to train future specialists in navigation and ship handling. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1031(1). - doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1031/1/012117
Demirel, E. (2020). Maritime Education and Training in the Digital Era. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(9), 4129–4142. - doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.080939
Dewan, M. H., Godina, R., Chowdhury, M. R. K., Noor, C. W. M., Wan Nik, W. M. N., & Man, M. (2023). Immersive and Non-Immersive Simulators for the Education and Training in Maritime Domain—A Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(1). - doi:10.3390/jmse11010147
Dixon, R. A., & Hutton, D. M. (2016). STEM And TVET In The Caribbean A Framework for Integration at the Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Levels. Caribbean Curriculum, 24.
Đurić, M. (2023). Development of international standards for university-business collaboration. 371–381. - doi:10.24094/ptk.023.371
Edokpolor, J. E., & Dumbiri, D. N. (2019). RESOURCE ADEQUACY AND UTILIZATION FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES. Journal of Vocational Education Studies, 2(1). - doi:10.12928/joves.v2i1.727
Edwin Obwoge, M. (2016). Competency Based Education and Training: A Fresh Green Leaf from the Australian Context for TVET in Africa. IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455–2526), 3(3). - doi:10.21013/jems.v3.n3.p23
Estimo, E. (2020). Ship to Academe, Seafaring to Teaching: Seafarer Teachers in Maritime Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines. Higher Education Research, 5(2). - doi:10.11648/j.her.20200502.12
Frias, A., Água, P., & Simões-Marques, M. (2022). Education as a maritime safety improvement factor. Human Factors and Systems Interaction, 52. - doi:10.54941/ahfe1002134
Galić, S., Lušić, Z., & Stanivuk, T. (2020). E-learning in maritime affairs. Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, 17(1). - doi:10.3329/jname.v17i1.42203
Gekara, V. (2009). Understanding attrition in UK maritime education and training. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 7(2). - doi:10.1080/14767720902908190
Haapasaari, P., Helle, I., Lehikoinen, A., Lappalainen, J., & Kuikka, S. (2015). A proactive approach for maritime safety policy making for the Gulf of Finland: Seeking best practices. Marine Policy, 60. - doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2015.06.003
Helal, H. (2022). Incorporating virtual reality into maritime safety training to enhance competency-based learning outcomes. - doi:10.5821/mt.11414
Hondonga, J., & Ramaligela, S. M. (2019). Comparing Financing Models for Vocational Education and Training in Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. - doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-4145-5.ch003
House, R. J., & Wigdor, L. A. (1967). Herzberg’s Dual-Factor Theory Of Job Satısfactıon And Motıvatıon: A Revıew Of The Evıdence And A Crıtıcısm. 369–388. - doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1967.tb02440.x
Huisinga, R. (2009). Approaches to Designing TVET Curricula. In International Handbook of Education for the Changing World of Work (pp. 1669–1686). Springer Netherlands. - doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5281-1_112
IMO. (1997). CTU Code - IMO/ILO/UNECE Code of Practice for Packing of Cargo Transport Units.
IMO. (2014). RESOLUTION MSC.349(92) (Adopted on 21 June 2013) CODE FOR RECOGNIZED ORGANIZATIONS (RO CODE).
IMO. (2017). Res.A. 788(18) - Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of the International Safety Management Code by Administrations. 1118(December), 2017–2019.
IMO. (2018). STCW : including 2010 Manila amendments : STCW Convention and STCW Code : International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. http://www.imo.org/en/about/conventions/listofconventions/pages/international-convention-on-standards-of-training,-certification-and-watchkeeping-for-seafarers-(stcw).aspx
IMO. (2019). I:\CIRC\MSC\01\MSC.1-Circ.1609.docx. https://www.crclass.org/chinese/download/ti-tc/106/1-2 MSC.1-Circ.1609 - Guidelines For The Standardization OfUser Interface Design For Navigation Equipment (Secretariat) (1).pdf
IMO. (2021a). Guidance on Seafarers’ Training and Certification for Issuing Administrations, Flag States and Port States During the Covid-19 Pandemic.
IMO. (2021b). Outcome of the Regulatory Scoping Exercise for the Use of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (Mass). MSC.1/Circ.1638. https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Documents/MSC.1-Circ.1638 - Outcome Of The Regulatory Scoping ExerciseFor The Use Of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships... (Secretariat).pdf
IMO. (2023a). 2023 IMO STRATEGY ON REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS.
IMO. (2023b). IMO e-Learning and Training. https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/technicalcooperation/pages/imoe-learning.aspx
IMO. (2025). Autonomous shipping. https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/hottopics/pages/autonomous-shipping.aspx?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Jahonga, W. M., Canute, B., Murey, E. J., Otunga, C., Kiprop, D. C., & Z, D. K. (2016). Collaborative and Linkage Programs Between TVET Institutions and the Industry. A Case of TVET Institutions in North Rift Region, Kenya. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 07(04). - doi:10.9790/5933-0704040105
Jamil, M. G., & Bhuiyan, Z. (2021). Deep learning elements in maritime simulation programmes: a pedagogical exploration of learner experiences. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1). - doi:10.1186/s41239-021-00255-0
Kim, T. E., Sharma, A., Bustgaard, M., Gyldensten, W. C., Nymoen, O. K., Tusher, H. M., & Nazir, S. (2021). The continuum of simulator-based maritime training and education. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 20(2). - doi:10.1007/s13437-021-00242-2
Kim, W., Shin, H. Y., Woo, H., & Kim, J. (2019). Further training needs for TVET trainers: Lessons from a national survey on rwandan TVET trainers’ instructional competencies. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 11(2). - doi:10.30880/jtet.2019.11.02.004
Kitada, M., Bolmsten, J., Zeya, K., Hieu Pham, T., & Aung, M. S. (2017). Learning theories meet virtual classroom technologies: Understanding new educational opportunities in maritime education and training. 18th Annual General Assembly of the International Association of Maritime Universities - Global Perspectives in MET: Towards Sustainable, Green and Integrated Maritime Transport, IAMU 2017, 1, 72–81.
Kosyrev, V. P., Kubrushko, P. F., & Kouznetsov, A. N. (2009). TVET Teacher-Training Requirements in the Russian Federation. In International Handbook of Education for the Changing World of Work. - doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5281-1_80
Kumar, N. M., Kumar Singh, N., & Peddiny, V. K. (2018). Wearable smart glass: Features, applications, current progress and challenges. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things, ICGCIoT 2018, August, 577–582. - doi:10.1109/ICGCIoT.2018.8753047
Lamichhane, R. (2016). Challenges of Sustainable Development of TVET Programs and Projects. Journal of Training and Development, 2. - doi:10.3126/jtd.v2i0.15431
Liu, Y., Lan, Z., Tschoerner, B., Virdi, S. S., Cui, J., Li, F., Sourina, O., Zhang, D., Chai, D., & Muller-Wittig, W. (2020). Human Factors Assessment in VR-based Firefighting Training in Maritime: A Pilot Study. Proceedings - 2020 International Conference on Cyberworlds, CW 2020. - doi:10.1109/CW49994.2020.00034
Magramo, M., Bernas, L., Calambuhay, J., & Eler, G. (2009). The role of the maritime institutions on the shortage of officers. Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203869345-135
Mallam, S. C., Nazir, S., & Renganayagalu, S. K. (2019). Rethinking maritime education, training, and operations in the digital era: Applications for emerging immersive technologies. In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (Vol. 7, Issue 12). - doi:10.3390/jmse7120428
MMD. (2017). Guideline for Maritime Training Institute & Courses Accreditation. http://www.marine.gov.my/jlmeng/pic/article/BI_new_updated.pdf
MMD. (2023). Penyeragaman syarat kemasukan minimum bagi semua kursus persediaan utama perakuan kekompetenan pelaut.
MOSTI. (2024). Fund Division. https://www.mosti.gov.my/en/bahagian-dana/
MQA. (2021). Surat Makluman MQA Bil. 1 2021 - Transisi Standard TVET dalam COPTPA.
MQA, & JPK. (2021). CODE OF PRACTICE FOR TVET PROGRAMME ACCREDITATION, COPTPA (Second Edition).
Musyimi, C. M., Malechwanzi, J., & Luo, H. (2018). The Belt and Road Initiative and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Kenya: The Kenya-China TVET Project. Frontiers of Education in China, 13(3). - doi:10.1007/s11516-018-0017-x
Mutebi, R., & Ferej, A. (2023). A Review of TVET Quality Assurance Practice in Uganda. East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 6(1). - doi:10.37284/eajis.6.1.1327
Muya Maina, T. (2016). Curriculum Content Relevancy in Integration of ICTs in Kenya TVET Institutions in Readiness to Industry Needs. International Journal of Secondary Education, 4(6). - doi:10.11648/j.ijsedu.20160406.11
Nazir, S., & Hjelmervik, K. (2018). Advance use of training simulator in maritime education and training: A questionnaire study. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 596. - doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60018-5_35
Nazir, S., Øvergård, K. I., & Yang, Z. (2015). Towards Effective Training for Process and Maritime Industries. Procedia Manufacturing, 3. - doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.409
Naziz, A. (2019). Collaboration for transition between TVET and university: a proposal. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 20(8). - doi:10.1108/IJSHE-10-2018-0197
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. - doi:10.1177/1609406917733847
Ochavillo, G. S. (2020). A Paradigm Shift of Learning in Maritime Education amidst COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(6). - doi:10.5430/ijhe.v9n6p164
Ogur, E. O. (2023). TVET, economy and sustainable development. International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 15(2). - doi:10.5897/IJVTE2022.0315
Okoye, K. R. ., & I., M. O. (2015). Enhancing Technical and Vocational Education and Training ( TVET ) in Nigeria for Sustainable Development : Competency- Based Training ( CBT ) Approach. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(29).
Osidipe, A. (2019). Funding Effectiveness of TVET for Decent Employment and Inclusive Growth in Nigeria with Perspectives from China. Journal of Education and Practice. https://doi.org/10.7176/JEP/10-36-06
Oviawe, J. I. (2020). Strategies for funding technical vocational education and training for achieving sustainable national development in Nigeria in a post-oil boom economy. Vietnam Journal of Education, 4(2). - doi:10.52296/vje.2020.13
Pangeni, S. K., & Karki, G. (2021). E-Learning Initiatives at CTEVT: An Attempt at Innovation and Paradigm Shift in TVET Pedagogy. Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 1(15). - doi:10.3126/tvet.v1i15.45175
Paryono. (2017). The importance of TVET and its contribution to sustainable development. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1887. - doi:10.1063/1.5003559
Pavlova, M. (2014). TVET as an important factor in country’s economic development. SpringerPlus, 3(1). - doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-S1-K3
Pavlova, M. (2019). Emerging environmental industries: impact on required skills and TVET systems. International Journal of Training Research, 17(sup1). - doi:10.1080/14480220.2019.1639276
Popa, T., & Cupsa, O. S. (2019). E-LEARNING PLATFORMS – NEW SOLUTION FOR CONTINUOUS TRAINING OF ADULTS. EDULEARN19 Proceedings, 1. - doi:10.21125/edulearn.2019.0848
Prada, M. F., Carmona, L., Casas, L., Eckardt, M., García, C., Luengo, D., & Saavedra, F. (2023). SKILLS FOR WORK IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN UNLOCKING TALENT FOR A SUSTAINABLE AND EQUITABLE FUTURE. www.iadb.org - doi:10.18235/0005160
Praetorius, G., & Sellberg, C. (2022). Exploring strengths and weaknesses in professional marine pilot education. Human Factors in Transportation, 60. - doi:10.54941/ahfe1002502
Rashid, J., Noor, W. M., & Syarizul, M. (2009). Research and development for capacity building in TVET: the international PhD programme between UTHM And ITB Germany. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 1(1).
Rauf, U. A. A., Aziz, N. I., Zulkarnaini, N. A. S., Deli, M. M., Asha’ari, M. J., Jamil, ‘Ainul Huda, & Abdullah, S. I. N. W. (2023). Strengthening the University-Maritime Industry Collaborations (UMICs): Technology Issues. Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS), 5(1), 515–530. - doi:10.37385/jaets.v5i1.3211
Reza Emad, G., & Kataria, A. (2022). Challenges of simulation training for future engineering seafarers - A qualitative case study. Human Factors in Transportation, 60. - doi:10.54941/ahfe1002501
Romare, C., & Skär, L. (2023). The use of smart glasses in nursing education: A scoping review. Nurse Education in Practice, 73(October). - doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103824
Rony, A. H., Kitada, M., Dalaklis, D., Ölçer, A. I., & Ballini, F. (2019). Exploring the new policy framework of environmental performance management for shipping: a pilot study. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 18(1). - doi:10.1007/s13437-019-00165-z
Schröder, T. (2019). A regional approach for the development of TVET systems in the light of the 4th industrial revolution: the regional association of vocational and technical education in Asia. International Journal of Training Research, 17(sup1). - doi:10.1080/14480220.2019.1629728
Sellberg, C. (2018). From briefing, through scenario, to debriefing: the maritime instructor’s work during simulator-based training. Cognition, Technology and Work, 20(1). - doi:10.1007/s10111-017-0446-y
Semjonovs, D., Bogdaņecs, A., & González, M. J. F. (2015). Instructors’ Competence for Enhancing Quality of In-House Training in Maritime Education. SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 4. - doi:10.17770/sie2015vol4.345
Sharma, A., & Nazir, S. (2021). Assessing the technology self-efficacy of maritime instructors: An explorative study. Education Sciences, 11(7). - doi:10.3390/educsci11070342
Sharma, A., Nazir, S., Wiig, A. C., Sellberg, C., Imset, M., & Mallam, S. (2019). Computer Supported Collaborative Learning as an Intervention for Maritime Education and Training. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (Vol. 785, pp. 3–12). - doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93882-0_1
Shen, H., Zhang, J., Yang, B., & Jia, B. (2019). Development of an educational virtual reality training system for marine engineers. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 27(3). - doi:10.1002/cae.22099
Sotiroski, L. (2016). The EU and International legal Framework in Maritime Safety. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and ….
UNCTAD. (2024). Global Trade Update (December 2024). https://unctad.org/publication/global-trade-update-december-2024
Urquidi, V. L. (2004). The Role of Sub-regional Agreements in Latin American Economic Integration. In Latin American Economic Crises (pp. 115–124). Palgrave Macmillan UK. - doi:10.1057/9781403943859_7
Vacondio, R., Altomare, C., De Leffe, M., Hu, X., Le Touzé, D., Lind, S., Marongiu, J. C., Marrone, S., Rogers, B. D., & Souto-Iglesias, A. (2021). Grand challenges for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics numerical schemes. In Computational Particle Mechanics (Vol. 8, Issue 3). - doi:10.1007/s40571-020-00354-1
Velázquez Gomar, J. O. (2014). International targets and environmental policy integration: The 2010 Biodiversity Target and its impact on international policy and national implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Global Environmental Change, 29. - doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.10.002
Vujičić, S., Hasanspahić, N., Gundić, A., & Hrdalo, N. (2020). Assessment for Ensuring Adequately Qualified Instructors in Maritime Education and Training Institutions. ATHENS JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 7(2). - doi:10.30958/ajs.7-2-4
Vuletic, T., Whitfield, R. I., Wang, W., Duffy, A., Gatchell, S., Prins, H., & Leer-Andersen, M. (2017). Improving the creation and management of collaborative networks within the European maritime sector. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 8. - doi:10.1016/j.jii.2017.05.002
Wang, L., Wang, S., & Zhuo, Y. (2015). Marine Practice Teaching based on School-Enterprise Cooperative Education Model. - doi:10.2991/mcei-15.2015.19
Wärtsilä. (2020). Simulation and Training Solutions. https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/product-files/optimise/simulation-and-training/navigational-simulators-brochure.pdf
Youssef, A. M. (2018). Investigating an Interactive Technological Self Study Conceptual Framework for On-board Maritime Education and Training.
Zaytseva, T. (2016). The introduction of the competence-based approach in educational process of training of skippers. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1614. https://doi.org/10.14308/ite000563
Zhang, D. (2005). Interactive Multimedia-Based E-Learning: A Study of Effectiveness. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15389286ajde1903_3
Ziarati, R., Demirel, E., & Albayrak, T. (2010). Innovation in Maritime Education and Training. 18th Conference of International Maritime Lecturers’ Association, January.
Citation note:
Kamis A.S., Ahmad Fuad A.F., Ali S.A., Wan Mansor W.N., Syed Ahmad S.Z.A., Akhbar M.F.A.: Maritime TVET in Transition: Global Trends, Institutional Innovation, and Strategic Reform. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 20, No. 1, doi:10.12716/1001.20.01.14, pp. 131-144, 2026
Authors in other databases:
TdF8er8AAAAJSheikh Alif Ali:
orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-2743
57328177600
orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-2743
57328177600
Other publications of authors:
File downloaded 3 times
