Journal is indexed in following databases:
- SCOPUS
- Web of Science Core Collection - Journal Citation Reports
- EBSCOhost
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- TRID Database - Transportation Research Board
- Index Copernicus Journals Master List
- BazTech
- Google Scholar
2022 Journal Impact Factor - 0.6
2022 CiteScore - 1.7
ISSN 2083-6473
ISSN 2083-6481 (electronic version)
Editor-in-Chief
Associate Editor
Prof. Tomasz Neumann
Published by
TransNav, Faculty of Navigation
Gdynia Maritime University
3, John Paul II Avenue
81-345 Gdynia, POLAND
e-mail transnav@umg.edu.pl
Application of Virtual Reality for Remote Ship Inspections and Surveys – A Systematic Review
1 University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
ABSTRACT: The use of virtual reality for the establishment of compliance is a potential game-changer in enabling real-time remote inspections/ surveys of vessels. When provided with high-speed internet access, robots or remote-controlled inspection vehicles such as drones, crawlers, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and so on, may be equipped with remote inspection technologies (RITs), and smart optical cameras and sensor suites in conjunction with wearable technologies, and smart/ mobile devices, to carry out an aerial and underwater virtual assessment of the coating condition of the steel structural members of the vessel while transmitting the data in real-time or near real-time, via collaborative software. To ease the travel restrictions and border closures prompted by the Coronavirus (COVID-19), these novel technologies have been introduced by some flag states and classification as alternatives to traditional in-person statutory inspections/ class surveys. This study aims to employ a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to (1) classify the profiles of existing publications related to remote inspections/ surveys, (2) highlight the key thematic areas being discussed within the domain of remote inspections/ surveys and identify tasks and processes that may require virtual reality application. To the best of our knowledge, the findings have revealed that there is no existing SLR paper related to the application of remote inspection techniques in ship inspections/ surveys. However, the review retrieved 28 primary studies from the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Based on the results, various studies have proposed multifarious solutions to overcoming the existing technical and regulatory barriers to the mass deployment of these cutting-edge technologies.
KEYWORDS: International Transport, Real Time, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Remote Control, Classification, Virtual Reality (VR), Flag State Duty, Coronavirus Pandemic
REFERENCES
IACS. "IACS Publishes Unified Requirement on Remote Classification Surveys." IACS. https://iacs.org.uk/media/7738/iacs-remote-surveys-information-paper.pdf (accessed.
L. Carballo Piñeiro, M. Q. Mejia Jr, and F. Ballini, "Beyond COVID-19: the future of maritime transport," WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 127-133, 2021. - doi:10.1007/s13437-021-00243-1
A. Oyenuga, "Perspectives on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global and African maritime transport sectors, and the potential implications for Africa’s maritime governance," WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 215-245, 2021. - doi:10.1007/s13437-021-00233-3
UNCTAD, "Review of Maritime Transport " United Nations Commission on Trade and Development, 31/January 2020 2019. Accessed: 09/02/2023. [Online]. Available: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2019_en.pdf
UNCTAD, "Review of Maritime Transport," United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 125,126,127,128,133,142, 18/11/2021 2021. Accessed: 31/01/2023. [Online]. Available: https://unctad.org/webflyer/review-maritime-transport-2021
UNCTAD, "Review of Maritime Transport " in "Navigating Stormy Waters," United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 11/2022 2022. Accessed: 12/28/2022. [Online]. Available: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2022_en.pdf
L. Poggi, C. M. Rizzo, T. Gaggero, M. Gaiotti, E. Ravina, and Ieee, "Assessment of ship robotic inspections," in 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Vienna, AUSTRIA, Sep 08-11 2020, in IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA, 2020, pp. 1491-1498. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000627406500241. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000627406500241 - doi:10.1109/ETFA46521.2020.9211949
DNV. "Posidonia 2016: DNV GL performs first drone production survey." https://www.dnv.com/services/drone-surveys-the-safer-and-smarter-way-103018 (accessed 05/02/2023, 2023).
Seadrone. "Class Societies and Remote Inspection Techniques." Seadrone. https://seadronepro.com/blog/class-societies-steady-march-to-remote-inspection-technologies-and-techniques (accessed 13/01/2023, 2023).
J. Albiez et al., "Repeated close-distance visual inspections with an AUV," in MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference, Monterey, CA, Sep 19-23 2016, 2016, doi: 10.1109/oceans.2016.7761099. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000399929000105 - doi:10.1109/OCEANS.2016.7761099
F. M. Shah, T. Gaggero, M. Gaiotti, and C. M. Rizzo, "Condition assessment of ship structure using robot assisted 3D-reconstruction," Ship Technology Research, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 129-146, Sep 2021, doi: 10.1080/09377255.2021.1872219. - doi:10.1080/09377255.2021.1872219
F. Bonnin-Pascual and A. Ortiz, "On the use of robots and vision technologies for the inspection of vessels: A survey on recent advances," Ocean Engineering, vol. 190, p. 106420, 2019/10/15/ 2019, doi: - doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106420
S. Keele, "Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering," ed: Technical report, ver. 2.3 ebse technical report. ebse, 2007.
IACS, "Annual Review 2021," International Association of Classification Societies, 11/2022 2021. Accessed: 12/28/2022. [Online]. Available: https://iacs.org.uk/about/iacs-annual-review/#:~:text=2021%20Annual%20Review%20includes%20a,Remote%20Survey%20and%20Cyber%20Resilience
A. Pastra, N. Schauffel, T. Ellwart, and T. Johansson, "Building a trust ecosystem for remote inspection technologies in ship hull inspections," Law, Innovation and Technology, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 474-497, 2022. - doi:10.1080/17579961.2022.2113666
S. Hong, D. Chung, J. Kim, and Ieee, "Development of a Hover-Capable AUV System for Automated Visual Ship-Hull Inspection and Mapping," in Conference on OCEANS, Anchorage, AK, Sep 18-21 2017, in Oceans-Ieee, 2017. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000455012000247. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000455012000247
J. Pray and K. McSweeney, "Integration of wearable technology for inspection tasks," in Offshore Technology Conference, 2018: OnePetro. - doi:10.4043/28958-MS
T. M. Johansson, D. Dalaklis, and A. Pastra, "Maritime robotics and autonomous systems operations: Exploring pathways for overcoming international techno-regulatory data barriers," Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 6, p. 594, 2021. - doi:10.3390/jmse9060594
L. Poggi, T. Gaggero, M. Gaiotti, E. Ravina, and C. M. Rizzo, "Recent developments in remote inspections of ship structures," International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, vol. 12, pp. 881-891, 2020. - doi:10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2020.09.001
L. Poggi, T. Gaggero, M. Gaiotti, E. Ravina, and C. M. Rizzo, "Robotic inspection of ships: inherent challenges and assessment of their effectiveness," Ships and Offshore Structures, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 742-756, 2022. - doi:10.1080/17445302.2020.1866378
ITF, "Beyond the Limit: How Covid-19 corner-cutting places too much risk in the international shipping system," in "Beyond the Limit of remote Inspections " International Transport Workers’ Federation Maritime Safety Committee, United Kingdom, 09/2020 2020, vol. 8. Accessed: 12/29/2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.itfglobal.org/sites/default/files/node/news/files/ITF%20MSC%20Report%20September%202020_Beyond_the_limit_v8.pdf
F. Bonnin-Pascual and A. Ortiz, "A Flying Tool for Sensing Vessel Structure Defects Using Image Contrast-Based Saliency," Ieee Sensors Journal, vol. 16, no. 15, pp. 6114-6121, Aug 2016, doi: 10.1109/jsen.2016.2578360. - doi:10.1109/JSEN.2016.2578360
F. Bonnin-Pascual, A. Ortiz, E. Garcia-Fidalgo, and J. P. Company-Corcoles, "A reconfigurable framework to turn a MAV into an effective tool for vessel inspection," Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 56, pp. 191-211, Apr 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.rcim.2018.09.009. - doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2018.09.009
R. Y. Brogaard, M. Zajaczkowski, L. Kovac, O. Ravn, and E. Boukas, "Towards UAV-Based Absolute Hierarchical Localization in Confined Spaces," in IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR), Khalifa Univ, ELECTR NETWORK, Nov 04-06 2020, in IEEE International Symposium on Safety Security and Rescue Robotics, 2020, pp. 182-188. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000651056800033. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000651056800033 - doi:10.1109/SSRR50563.2020.9292616
F. Wen, J. Pray, K. McSweeney, and H. Gu, "Emerging inspection technologies–enabling remote surveys/inspections," in Offshore Technology Conference, 2019: OnePetro. - doi:10.4043/29450-MS
S. Hong, D. Chung, J. Kim, Y. Kim, A. Kim, and H. K. Yoon, "In‐water visual ship hull inspection using a hover‐capable underwater vehicle with stereo vision," Journal of Field Robotics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 531-546, 2019. - doi:10.1002/rob.21841
M. Kalimuthu, R. Parween, Z. S. Saldi, P. Veerajagadheswar, and M. R. Elara, "Design and development of a 3D printed hydroblasting robot," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 70, pp. 470-476, 2022. - doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.367
Z. Fang et al., "Robust autonomous flight in constrained and visually degraded shipboard environments," Journal of Field Robotics, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 25-52, 2017. - doi:10.1002/rob.21670
B. Kitchenham, O. P. Brereton, D. Budgen, M. Turner, J. Bailey, and S. Linkman, "Systematic literature reviews in software engineering–a systematic literature review," Information and software technology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 7-15, 2009. - doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.009
A. Ahmad et al., "A systematic literature review on using machine learning algorithms for software requirements identification on stack overflow," Security and Communication Networks, vol. 2020, pp. 1-19, 2020. - doi:10.1155/2020/8830683
L. M. Kmet, L. S. Cook, and R. C. Lee, "Standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research papers from a variety of fields," 2004.
N. Sánchez-Gómez, J. Torres-Valderrama, J. A. García-García, J. J. Gutiérrez, and M. Escalona, "Model-based software design and testing in blockchain smart contracts: A systematic literature review," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 164556-164569, 2020. - doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3021502
M. Jez et al., "A Shared Immersive Virtual Environment for Improving Ship Design Review," in 19th International Conference on Ships and Maritime Research (NAV), Trieste, ITALY, Jun 20-22 2018, 2018, pp. 770-777, doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-870-9-770. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000567876300090
C. T. Li et al., "REAL-TIME SIMULATION OF HULL STRUCTURE USING FINITE ELEMENT IN VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS," in 40th ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Electr Network, Jun 21-30 2021, 2021. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000881651500038. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000881651500038
M. O'Byrne, B. Ghosh, F. Schoefs, and V. Pakrashi, "Applications of Virtual Data in Subsea Inspections," Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 8, no. 5, May 2020, Art no. 328, doi: 10.3390/jmse8050328. - doi:10.3390/jmse8050328
F. Bonnin-Pascual, E. Garcia-Fidalgo, J. P. Company-Corcoles, and A. Ortiz, "MUSSOL: A Micro-Uas to Survey Ship Cargo hOLds," Remote Sensing, vol. 13, no. 17, Sep 2021, Art no. 3419, doi: 10.3390/rs13173419. - doi:10.3390/rs13173419
M. Walter, F. Hover, and J. Leonard, "SLAM for ship hull inspection using exactly sparse extended information filters," 2008. [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-51649115879&doi=10.1109%2fROBOT.2008.4543408&partnerID=40&md5=3a473a91d02cb42240a333a6c4c8415a. [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-51649115879&doi=10.1109%2fROBOT.2008.4543408&partnerID=40&md5=3a473a91d02cb42240a333a6c4c8415a
V. Alexandropoulou, T. Johansson, K. Kontaxaki, A. Pastra, and D. Dalaklis, "Maritime remote inspection technology in hull survey & inspection: A synopsis of liability issues from a European Union context," Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 184-195, 2021. - doi:10.1080/25725084.2021.2006463
F. Bonnin-Pascual, E. Garcia-Fidalgo, J. P. Company-Corcoles, and A. Ortiz, "MUSSOL: A Micro-Uas to Survey Ship Cargo hOLds," Remote Sensing, vol. 13, no. 17, Sep 2021, Art no. 3419, doi: 10.3390/rs13173419. - doi:10.3390/rs13173419
F. Bonnin-Pascual and A. Ortiz, "A novel approach for defect detection on vessel structures using saliency-related features," Ocean Engineering, vol. 149, pp. 397-408, 2018. - doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.08.024
W. J. Chan, P. Y. Wu, A. B. Azam, and Y. Cai, "When VR meets Underwater Robots: Creating an Underwater Hull Cleaning Simulator," 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.85146048802&doi=10.1109%2fISMAR-Adjunct57072.2022.00082&partnerID=40&md5=4736aa8f72601bbee9bc525e1f7c3f9c.
Y.-S. Han, J. Lee, J. Lee, W. Lee, and K. Lee, "3D CAD data extraction and conversion for application of augmented/virtual reality to the construction of ships and offshore structures," International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 658-668, 2019. - doi:10.1080/0951192X.2019.1599440
S. Hong, D. Chung, J. Kim, Y. Kim, A. Kim, and H. K. Yoon, "In‐water visual ship hull inspection using a hover‐capable underwater vehicle with stereo vision," Journal of Field Robotics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 531-546, 2019. - doi:10.1002/rob.21841
M. Kalimuthu, R. Parween, Z. S. Saldi, P. Veerajagadheswar, and M. R. Elara, "Design and development of a 3D printed hydroblasting robot," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 70, pp. 470-476, 2022. - doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.367
C. T. Li et al., "REAL-TIME SIMULATION OF HULL STRUCTURE USING FINITE ELEMENT IN VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS," in 40th ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Electr Network, Jun 21-30 2021, 2021. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000881651500038. [Online]. Available: ://WOS:000881651500038
S. Reed, J. Wood, J. Vazquez, P.-Y. Mignotte, and B. Privat, "A smart ROV solution for ship hull and harbor inspection," in Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX, 2010, vol. 7666: SPIE, pp. 535-546. - doi:10.1117/12.852603
E. Stensrud, A. Torstensen, D.-B. Lillestøl, and K. Klausen, "Towards Remote Inspections of FPSO's Using Drones Instrumented with Computer Vision and Hyperspectral Imaging," in Offshore Technology Conference, 2021: OnePetro. - doi:10.4043/30939-MS
Y. Wu, X. Ta, R. Xiao, Y. Wei, D. An, and D. Li, "Survey of underwater robot positioning navigation," Applied Ocean Research, vol. 90, p. 101845, 2019/09/01/ 2019, doi: - doi:10.1016/j.apor.2019.06.002
Q. Zhang, J. Zhang, A. Chemori, and X. Xiang, "Virtual submerged floating operational system for robotic manipulation," Complexity, vol. 2018, pp. 1-18, 2018. - doi:10.1155/2018/9528313
J. Zhou, W. Li, H. Fang, Y. Zhang, and F. Pan, "The Hull Structure and Defect Detection Based on Improved YOLOv5 for Mobile Platform," in Chinese Control Conference, CCC, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=285140453115&doi=10.23919%2fCCC55666.2022.9902288&partnerID=40&md5=1b4d12a4930df4eecc1c4ad72067697c
Citation note:
Sheriff A., Anantharaman M., Islam R., Nguyen H.O.: Application of Virtual Reality for Remote Ship Inspections and Surveys – A Systematic Review. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 17, No. 3, doi:10.12716/1001.17.03.10, pp. 587-594, 2023
Authors in other databases:
Abubakar Sheriff:
orcid.org/0000-0002-8040-0746
vJkXeZ8AAAAJ
orcid.org/0000-0002-8040-0746
vJkXeZ8AAAAJ
Mohan Anantharaman:
orcid.org/0000-0001-9574-7753
55757583200
orcid.org/0000-0001-9574-7753
55757583200
Rabiul Islam:
orcid.org/0000-0003-1577-6971
57218312435
orcid.org/0000-0003-1577-6971
57218312435
Other publications of authors:
File downloaded 160 times
