Journal is indexed in following databases:
- SCOPUS
- Web of Science Core Collection - Journal Citation Reports
- EBSCOhost
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- TRID Database - Transportation Research Board
- Index Copernicus Journals Master List
- BazTech
- Google Scholar
2024 Journal Impact Factor - 0.6
2024 CiteScore - 1.9
ISSN 2083-6473
ISSN 2083-6481 (electronic version)
Editor-in-Chief
Associate Editor
Prof. Tomasz Neumann
Published by
TransNav, Faculty of Navigation
Gdynia Maritime University
3, John Paul II Avenue
81-345 Gdynia, POLAND
e-mail transnav@umg.edu.pl
A Seaports' Perspective on Resilience and Preparedness for Challenges of the Evolving World
1 Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
ABSTRACT: Due to the rapid growth of maritime transport, many researchers have developed advanced methods aimed at increasing navigation safety and reducing operating costs, while maintaining compliance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs). Navigating a ship in potential collision situations requires decision-making under conditions of uncertainty and ambiguity – particularly with respect to concepts such as collision risk and safe speed. These concepts are subjective and not clearly defined. In response to these challenges, this paper presents an artificial intelligence-based method that takes into account the navigator's role as a decision-maker. The proposed solution is designed for integration with existing collision avoidance systems. A universal simulator was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of an algorithm for determining a safe ship trajectory in collision situations. Example navigation scenarios were conducted and presented using this simulator.
KEYWORDS: Risk Management, Maritime Transport, Supply Chain, Sustainability, Seaports, Resilience, Crisis Management, Survey Methods
REFERENCES
Aghababaei, Mohammad, Seosamh B. Costello, and Prakash Ranjitkar. 2020. “Transportation Impact Assessment Following a Potential Alpine Fault Earthquake in New Zealand.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 87:102511. - doi:10.1016/j.trd.2020.102511
Asadabadi, Ali, and Elise Miller-Hooks. 2020. “Maritime Port Network Resiliency and Reliability through Co-Opetition.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 137:101916. - doi:10.1016/j.tre.2020.101916
Bahmani, Navid, Amit Bhatnagar, and Dinesh Gauri. 2023. “Firms’ Responses to a Black Swan Macro-Crisis: Should They Be Socially Responsible or Fiscally Conservative?” Journal of Business Research 161:113783. - doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113783
Becker, Austin, and Margaret R. Caldwell. 2015. “Stakeholder Perceptions of Seaport Resilience Strategies: A Case Study of Gulfport (Mississippi) and Providence (Rhode Island).” Coastal Management 43 (1): 1–34. - doi:10.1080/08920753.2014.983422
Becker, Austin Howard, Pamela Matson, Martin Fischer, and Michael D. Mastrandrea. 2015. “Towards Seaport Resilience for Climate Change Adaptation: Stakeholder Perceptions of Hurricane Impacts in Gulfport (MS) and Providence (RI).” Progress in Planning 99 (July):1–49. - doi:10.1016/j.progress.2013.11.002
Cambridge Dictionary. 2023. “RESILIENCE.” Cambridge Free English Dictionary. November 29, 2023. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/resilience.
Caramuta, Caterina, Alessia Grosso, and Giovanni Longo. 2023. “Logistics Chain Responsiveness to War Impacts: A Case Study in North Adriatic Region.” Case Studies on Transport Policy 14 (December):101086. - doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101086
Chhetri, Prem, Jonathan Corcoran, Victor Gekara, Chris Maddox, and Darryn McEvoy. 2015. “Seaport Resilience to Climate Change: Mapping Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise.” Journal of Spatial Science 60 (1): 65–78. - doi:10.1080/14498596.2014.943311
Devadoss, Stephen, and William Ridley. 2024. “Impacts of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the Global Wheat Market.” World Development 173:106396. - doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106396
Dui, Hongyan, Xiaoqian Zheng, and Shaomin Wu. 2021. “Resilience Analysis of Maritime Transportation Systems Based on Importance Measures.” Reliability Engineering & System Safety 209:107461. - doi:10.1016/j.ress.2021.107461
Emad, Gholam Reza, Mohsen Khabir, and Mehrangiz Shahbakhsh. 2020. “Shipping 4.0 and Training Seafarers for the Future Autonomous and Unmanned Ships.” In . Qeshm Island.
Fan, Shiqi, Zaili Yang, Jin Wang, and John Marsland. 2022. “Shipping Accident Analysis in Restricted Waters: Lesson from the Suez Canal Blockage in 2021.” Ocean Engineering 266 (December):113119. - doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113119
Flage, R., and T. Aven. 2015. “Emerging Risk – Conceptual Definition and a Relation to Black Swan Type of Events.” Reliability Engineering & System Safety 144 (December):61–67. - doi:10.1016/j.ress.2015.07.008
Glette-Iversen, Ingrid, and Terje Aven. 2021. “On the Meaning of and Relationship between Dragon-Kings, Black Swans and Related Concepts.” Reliability Engineering & System Safety 211 (July):107625. - doi:10.1016/j.ress.2021.107625
Gu, Bingmei, and Jiaguo Liu. 2023a. “A Systematic Review of Resilience in the Maritime Transport.” International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, January, 1–22. - doi:10.1080/13675567.2023.2165051
Gu, Bingmei, and Jiaguo Liu. 2023b. “Port Resilience Analysis Based on the HHM-FCM Approach under COVID-19.” Ocean & Coastal Management 243 (September):106741. - doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106741
Gu, Yu, Xiao Fu, Zhiyuan Liu, Xiangdong Xu, and Anthony Chen. 2020. “Performance of Transportation Network under Perturbations: Reliability, Vulnerability, and Resilience.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 133:101809. - doi:10.1016/j.tre.2019.11.003
Haugen, Stein, and Jan Erik Vinnem. 2015. “Perspectives on Risk and the Unforeseen.” Reliability Engineering & System Safety 137 (May):1–5. - doi:10.1016/j.ress.2014.12.009
Jiang, Bomin, Daniel Rigobon, and Roberto Rigobon. 2022. “From Just-in-Time, to Just-in-Case, to Just-in-Worst-Case: Simple Models of a Global Supply Chain under Uncertain Aggregate Shocks.” IMF Economic Review 70 (1): 141–84. - doi:10.1057/s41308-021-00148-2
John, Andrew, Zaili Yang, Ramin Riahi, and Jin Wang. 2016. “A Risk Assessment Approach to Improve the Resilience of a Seaport System Using Bayesian Networks.” Ocean Engineering 111:136–47. - doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.10.048
Krecht, Rudolf, Alex Suta, Árpád Tóth, and Áron Ballagi. 2023. “Towards the Resilience Quantification of (Military) Unmanned Ground Vehicles.” Cleaner Engineering and Technology 14 (June):100644. - doi:10.1016/j.clet.2023.100644
Kurt, Ismail, and Murat Aymelek. 2024. “Operational Adaptation of Ports with Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.” Transport Policy 145 (January):1–10. - doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.09.023
LaRocco, Lori Ann. 2025. “Reality Check: Inside the Debate Over Automation at America’s Ports.” gCaptain. January 6, 2025. https://gcaptain.com/reality-check-inside-the-debate-over-automation-at-americas-ports/.
Lau, Yui-yip, Qiong Chen, Mark Ching-Pong Poo, Adolf K.Y. Ng, and Chung Chui Ying. 2024. “Maritime Transport Resilience: A Systematic Literature Review on the Current State of the Art, Research Agenda and Future Research Directions.” Ocean & Coastal Management 251 (May):107086. - doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107086
León-Mateos, Fernando, Antonio Sartal, Lucas López-Manuel, and María A. Quintás. 2021. “Adapting Our Sea Ports to the Challenges of Climate Change: Development and Validation of a Port Resilience Index.” Marine Policy 130 (August):104573. - doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104573
Li, Dengyuhui, Jianbin Jiao, Shouyang Wang, and Guanghui Zhou. 2023. “Supply Chain Resilience from the Maritime Transportation Perspective: A Bibliometric Analysis and Research Directions.” Fundamental Research. - doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.003
Li, Kevin X., Hao Wang, Yang Yang, and Mengchi Li. 2024. “Resilience in Maritime Logistics: Theoretical Framework, Research Methodology, and Indicator System.” Ocean & Coastal Management 259 (December):107465. - doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107465
Li, Wenjie, Ali Asadabadi, and Elise Miller-Hooks. 2022. “Enhancing Resilience through Port Coalitions in Maritime Freight Networks.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 157:1–23. - doi:10.1016/j.tra.2022.01.015
Liu, Jiaguo, Bingmei Gu, and Jihong Chen. 2023. “Enablers for Maritime Supply Chain Resilience during Pandemic: An Integrated MCDM Approach.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 175:103777. - doi:10.1016/j.tra.2023.103777
Liu, Jiaguo, Juanjuan Wu, and Yu Gong. 2023. “Maritime Supply Chain Resilience: From Concept to Practice.” Computers & Industrial Engineering 182:109366. - doi:10.1016/j.cie.2023.109366
Liu, Jin, Ye Qi, and Wenjing Lyu. 2023. “Port Resilience in the Post-COVID-19 Era.” Ocean & Coastal Management 238 (May):106565. - doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106565
Maharjan, Rajali, and Hironori Kato. 2022. “Resilient Supply Chain Network Design: A Systematic Literature Review.” Transport Reviews 42 (6): 739–61. - doi:10.1080/01441647.2022.2080773
Merriam-Webster. 2023. “Definition of RESILIENCE.” Merriam-Webster.Com Dictionary. November 23, 2023. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resilience.
Morris, Lauren L. 2020. “Stakeholder Collaboration as a Pathway to Climate Adaptation at Coastal Ports.” Maritime Policy & Management 47 (7): 953–67. - doi:10.1080/03088839.2020.1729435
Murphy, John F., and James Conner. 2014. “Black Swans, White Swans, and 50 Shades of Grey: Remembering the Lessons Learned from Catastrophic Process Safety Incidents.” Process Safety Progress 33 (2): 110–14. - doi:10.1002/prs.11651
Narasimha, Prathvi Thumbe, Pradyot Ranjan Jena, and Ritanjali Majhi. 2021. “Impact of COVID-19 on the Indian Seaport Transportation and Maritime Supply Chain.” Transport Policy 110:191–203. - doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.05.011
otteboom, Theo E., and Hercules E. Haralambides. 2020. “Port Management and Governance in a Post-COVID-19 Era: Quo Vadis?” Maritime Economics & Logistics 22 (3): 329–52. - doi:10.1057/s41278-020-00162-7
Notteboom, Theo, Hercules Haralambides, and Kevin Cullinane. 2024. “The Red Sea Crisis: Ramifications for Vessel Operations, Shipping Networks, and Maritime Supply Chains.” Maritime Economics & Logistics 26 (1): 1–20. - doi:10.1057/s41278-024-00287-z
Notteboom, Theo, Thanos Pallis, and Jean-Paul Rodrigue. 2021. “Disruptions and Resilience in Global Container Shipping and Ports: The COVID-19 Pandemic versus the 2008–2009 Financial Crisis.” Maritime Economics & Logistics 23 (2): 179–210. - doi:10.1057/s41278-020-00180-5
Nsikan, John, Rawlings Micheal, Ogbari Mercy, Ariyo Adebukola, Ine Briggs, and Daniel Inegbedion. 2023. “Robust Practices for Managing Maritime Supply Chain Risks: A Survey of Nigeria’s Seaports.” The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics 39 (4): 1–7. - doi:10.1016/j.ajsl.2023.09.001
Omer, Mayada, Ali Mostashari, Roshanak Nilchiani, and Mo Mansouri. 2012. “A Framework for Assessing Resiliency of Maritime Transportation Systems.” Maritime Policy & Management 39 (7): 685–703. - doi:10.1080/03088839.2012.689878
Oxford English Dictionary. 2023. “Resilience.” Oxford English Dictionary. 2023. https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?scope=Entries&q=resilience&tl=true.
Pan, Shouzheng, Hai Yan, Jia He, and Zhengbing He. 2021. “Vulnerability and Resilience of Transportation Systems: A Recent Literature Review.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 581:126235. - doi:10.1016/j.physa.2021.126235
Poo, Mark Ching-Pong, and Zaili Yang. 2022. “Optimising the Resilience of Shipping Networks to Climate Vulnerability.” Maritime Policy & Management, July, 1–20. - doi:10.1080/03088839.2022.2094488
Russell, Dawn, Kusumal Ruamsook, and Violeta Roso. 2022. “Managing Supply Chain Uncertainty by Building Flexibility in Container Port Capacity: A Logistics Triad Perspective and the COVID-19 Case.” Maritime Economics & Logistics 24 (1): 92–113. - doi:10.1057/s41278-020-00168-1
Su, Wan, and Jing Lu. 2025. “Short-Term Resilience Assessment of the Global Liner Shipping Network: A Case Study of COVID-19.” Ocean & Coastal Management 262 (March):107560. - doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107560
Szymanowska, Beata Barbara, Arkadiusz Kozłowski, Janusz Dąbrowski, and Hanna Klimek. 2023. “Seaport Innovation Trends: Global Insights.” Marine Policy 152 (June):105585. - doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105585
Thakur, Snehalata, Prakash Ranjitkar, and Soroush Rashidi. 2022. “Modelling Evacuation Decisions under a Threat of Volcanic Eruption in Auckland.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 109:103374. - doi:10.1016/j.trd.2022.103374
UNCTAD. 2022. Building Capacity to Manage Risks and Enhance Resilience: A Guidebook for Ports. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
Valdez Banda, Osiris A., Floris Goerlandt, Jakub Montewka, and Pentti Kujala. 2015. “A Risk Analysis of Winter Navigation in Finnish Sea Areas.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 79:100–116. - doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.024
Wang, Liehui, and Chen Su. 2025. “Port Congestion and Resilience in Shanghai during the Citywide Lockdown.” Ocean & Coastal Management 261 (February):107501. - doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107501
Wang, Zhongyuan, Zhixiang Fang, Jianing Yu, Xiaoyuan Hu, and Jinqi Gong. 2024. “Red Sea Crisis Impacts on Maritime Shipping Networks.” Heliyon 10 (22): e40384. - doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40384
Zhen, Lu, Shumin Lin, and Chenhao Zhou. 2022. “Green Port Oriented Resilience Improvement for Traffic-Power Coupled Networks.” Reliability Engineering & System Safety 225 (September):108569. - doi:10.1016/j.ress.2022.108569
Zhou, Xiaoxuan, Lei Dai, Danyue Jing, Hao Hu, and Yubing Wang. 2022. “Estimating the Economic Loss of a Seaport Due to the Impact of COVID-19.” Regional Studies in Marine Science 52 (May):102258. - doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102258
Zhou, Yaoming, Junwei Wang, and Hai Yang. 2019. “Resilience of Transportation Systems: Concepts and Comprehensive Review.” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 20 (12): 4262–76. - doi:10.1109/TITS.2018.2883766
Citation note:
Wolska P., Nasur J.: A Seaports' Perspective on Resilience and Preparedness for Challenges of the Evolving World. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 20, No. 1, doi:10.12716/1001.20.01.08, pp. 63-71, 2026
Authors in other databases:
Paulina Wolska:
Jan Nasur:
orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-3672
57222168919
orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-3672
57222168919
Other publications of authors:
File downloaded 4 times
