Journal is indexed in following databases:
- SCOPUS
- Web of Science Core Collection - Journal Citation Reports
- EBSCOhost
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- TRID Database - Transportation Research Board
- Index Copernicus Journals Master List
- BazTech
- Google Scholar
2024 Journal Impact Factor - 0.6
2024 CiteScore - 1.9
ISSN 2083-6473
ISSN 2083-6481 (electronic version)
Editor-in-Chief
Associate Editor
Prof. Tomasz Neumann
Published by
TransNav, Faculty of Navigation
Gdynia Maritime University
3, John Paul II Avenue
81-345 Gdynia, POLAND
e-mail transnav@umg.edu.pl
Romanian Maritime Ports in the Digital Transformation Era: The Shift from Fourth-Generation to Smart Ports and the Impact on the Global Logistics Ecosystem
1 Mircea cel Bătrân Naval Academy, Constanța, Romania
ABSTRACT: Romanian maritime ports play a pivotal role in the national and regional economy, acting as crucial logistical and commercial hubs in the Black Sea region. This study investigates the ongoing digital transformation of these ports, focusing on the shift from traditional fourth-generation ports to innovative smart ports. It examines the challenges, opportunities, and strategies employed in this transformation, emphasizing the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as automation, digitalization, and green innovations. In light of global trends in the logistics sector, alongside the increasing demand for efficiency, sustainability, and resilience, the research highlights how these advancements contribute to enhancing the operational performance of Romanian ports. Furthermore, the study explores the broader implications of this transition on the global logistics ecosystem, analyzing its potential to improve connectivity, reduce environmental impact, and stimulate economic growth. By evaluating the evolution of Romanian maritime ports over the past two decades, the study offers strategic insights into how these ports can evolve into intelligent, sustainable transport hubs capable of meeting the future demands of a globalized and environmentally conscious supply chain.
KEYWORDS: Maritime Transport, Logistics, Port Development, Port Operations, Digitalization, Cybersecurity, Sustainability, Smart Ports
REFERENCES
European Commission, “Ports 2030: Gateway for the Trans-European Transport Network,” Brussels, 2023.
UNCTAD, Review of Maritime Transport 2023, United Nations, Geneva, 2023.
Rodrigue, J.-P., “The Geography of Transport Systems,” Routledge, 2020. - doi:10.4324/9780429346323
Notteboom, T., and Winkelmans, W., “Structural changes in logistics: how will port authorities face the challenge?”, Maritime Policy & Management, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 71–89, 2001. - doi:10.1080/03088830119197
Ministry of Transport Romania, “Romanian Transport Strategy 2021–2030,” Bucharest, 2021.
Constanta Port Administration, “Annual Statistical Report,” 2023.
Constanta County Council, “Regional Development Strategy 2021–2027,” 2021.
Eurostat, “Maritime transport statistics - ports,” 2024. [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/
World Bank, “Digital Transformation of Maritime Transport,” 2022.
Port of Rotterdam Authority, “Digital Twin Strategy,” 2023.
Port of Hamburg, “Smart Port Vision 2025,” Hamburg Port Authority, 2022.
Maritime University of Constanta, “Port Informatics and Cybersecurity Curriculum,” 2024.
BDI Industry Report, “Romania’s Blue Economy Potential,” 2023.
OECD, “Smart Ports: Leveraging Technology for Sustainable Growth,” Paris, 2021.
Romanian National Institute of Statistics (INSSE), “Labour Market and Regional Employment Report,” 2023.
EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency), “Environmental Report 2022,” Lisbon, 2022.
Lloyd’s List, “Top 100 Ports 2023,” Informa Markets, 2023.
Drewry Shipping Consultants, “Global Container Terminal Operators Annual Review,” 2023.
European Commission, “Digital Europe Programme,” 2024.
Romanian Naval Authority, “Ship Registry and Safety Report,” 2023.
Romanian Ministry of Environment, “Climate Action Plan for Ports,” 2022.
Constanta Maritime Danube Ports Cluster, “Annual Innovation Report,” 2023.
European Investment Bank, “Port Infrastructure Investment Trends,” 2023.
Romanian Chamber of Commerce, “Constanta Economic Pulse,” 2023.
Eurocontrol, “Black Sea Maritime Surveillance Network,” 2023.
Constanta Business Journal, “New Logistics Parks near Agigea,” July 2023.
Romanian Customs Authority, “Goods Traffic Statistics,” 2024.
EBRD, “Romania Sustainable Transport Strategy,” 2023.
Port of Constanta, “Green Transition Plan,” 2024.
UNDP Romania, “Sustainable Communities and Port Resilience,” 2023.
European Maritime Cluster Observatory, “Port Workforce of the Future,” 2023.
International Maritime Organization (IMO), “MARPOL Convention Progress Report,” 2022.
Gdynia Maritime University, “Smart Port Competitiveness Benchmarking,” 2023.
Romanian National Bank, “Foreign Trade and Port Activity Correlation,” 2023.
UN Global Compact, “Ports and Sustainability Framework,” 2022.
KPMG Romania, “Digital Readiness in the Romanian Transport Sector,” 2023.
EUNAVFOR, “Black Sea Shipping Security Developments,” 2024.
Maritime Safety and Security Centre of Excellence, “Romanian Port Security Index,” 2023.
World Economic Forum, “Global Trade and Supply Chain Resilience Report,” 2023.
Digital Transport and Logistics Forum (DTLF), “Data Governance in Smart Ports,” 2022.
Citation note:
Burmambet A.: Romanian Maritime Ports in the Digital Transformation Era: The Shift from Fourth-Generation to Smart Ports and the Impact on the Global Logistics Ecosystem. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 19, No. 1, doi:10.12716/1001.19.01.15, pp. 125-133, 2025
File downloaded 38 times
