Journal is indexed in following databases:



2022 Journal Impact Factor - 0.6
2022 CiteScore - 1.7



HomePage
 




 


 

ISSN 2083-6473
ISSN 2083-6481 (electronic version)
 

 

 

Editor-in-Chief

Associate Editor
Prof. Tomasz Neumann
 

Published by
TransNav, Faculty of Navigation
Gdynia Maritime University
3, John Paul II Avenue
81-345 Gdynia, POLAND
www http://www.transnav.eu
e-mail transnav@umg.edu.pl
Open-loop Scrubbers and Restricted Waterways: A Case Study Investigation of Travemünde Port and Increased Sulphur Emissions Immediately After the Scrubbers are Turned Off
1 South‐Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland
ABSTRACT: Open-loop sulphur scrubbers must be switched off, and the fuel must be changed to low-sulphur fuel before entering German inland waters. Immediately after the scrubbers are turned off, warm exhaust gases cause the residue left in the scrubber to vaporise, leading to the increased sulphur content of the exhaust gas. The momentary increase in sulphur emissions immediately after the open-loop scrubbers are turned off has received little attention in research. This paper presents the onboard measurement results of exhaust gases and examines the effects of sulphur compounds released into the air. In this case, the observed sulphur emission peak is problematic due to the geographical location. The ship sails to the river port, passing the coastal town of Travemünde, where the exhaust gases are released. Due to this, the emissions are more harmful when compared to emissions generated in the open seas.
REFERENCES
International maritime organization IMO. Guidelines for consistent implementation of the 0.50 % sulphur limit under Marpol Annex VI. MEPC 74/18/Add.1, Annex 14, resolution MEPC.320(74). London: IMO, 2019.
A. Andreasen, S. Mayer. “Use of seawater scrubbing for SO2 removal from marine engine exhaust gas,” Energy fuels, vol. 21, pp. 3274-3279, 2007. - doi:10.1021/ef700359w
S.K. Bengtsson, E. Fridell, K.E. Andersson. “Fuels for short sea shipping: A comparative assessment with focus on environmental impact,” Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, Part M: Journal of engineering for the maritime environment, vol. 228(1), pp. 44-54, 2014. - doi:10.1177/1475090213480349
E. Ytreberg, K. Hansson, A.L. Hermansson, R. Parsmo, M. Lagerström, J-P. Jalkanen, I-M. Hassellöv. “Metal and PAH loads from ships and boats, relative other sources, in the Baltic Sea,” Marine pollution bulletin, vol. 182, article 113904, 2022. - doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113904
T. Solakivi, S. Laari, T. Kiiski, J. Töyli, L. Ojala. “How shipowners have adapted to sulphur regulations – Evidence from Finnish seaborne trade”, Case studies on transport policy, vol. 7(2), pp. 338-345, 2019. - doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2019.03.010
T.C. Zannis, J.S. Katsanis, G.P. Christopoulos, E.A. Yfantis, R.G. Papagiannakis, E.G. Pariotis, D.C. Rakopoulos, C.D. Rakopoulos, A.G. Vallis. “Marine exhaust gas treatment systems for compliance with the IMO 2020 global sulfur cap and TIER III NOx limits: A Review,” Energies, vol. 15, article 3638, 2022. - doi:10.3390/en15103638
K. Andersson, S. Brynolf, F. Lindgren, M. Wilewska-Bien. Shipping and the environment. Gothenburg: SpringerNature, 2016. - doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49045-7
I. Lee, T. Chang, C. Chang, V.D.H. Truang, J.D. Ward. “Comparison of open- and closed-loop operating strategies for exhaust gas scrubbing in marine applications: Modeling and sea-trial data,” Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, Part M: Journal of engineering for the maritime environment, published online, 2022. - doi:10.1177/14750902221123845
T.A. Tran. “Research of the scrubber systems to clean marine diesel engine exhaust gases on ships,” Journal of marine science: Research & development, vol. 7(6), article 1000243, 2017. - doi:10.4172/2155-9910.1000243
P. Aakko-Saksa, K. Lehtoranta. Ship emissions in the future: Review. VTT research report no. VTT-R-00335-19. Espoo: VTT Technical research centre of Finland, 2019.
B. Comer, E. Georgeff, L. Osipova. Air emissions and water pollution discharges from ships with scrubbers. ICCT consulting report. Washington DC: International council on clean transportation, 2020.
I-M. Hassellöv, A.L. Hermansson, E. Ytreberg. Current knowledge on impact on the marine environment of large-scale use of exhaust gas cleaning systems (scrubbers) in Swedish waters. Gothenburg: Chalmers university of technology, 2020.
H. Winnes, E. Fridell, J. Moldanová. “Effects of marine exhaust gas scrubbers on gas and particle emissions,” Journal of marine science and engineering, vol. 8(4), pp. 299-320, 2020. - doi:10.3390/jmse8040299
International Maritime Organization IMO. Annex 9 resolution mepc.184(59) 2009 guidelines for exhaust gas cleaning systems, IMO documents [online], Feb. 12, 2019, Available: https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Environment/Documents/184(59).pdf
K. Teinilä, P. Aakko-Saksa, J-P. Jalkanen, P. Karjalainen, M. Bloss, J. Laakia, S. Saarikoski, H. Vesala, R. Pettinen, P. Koponen, N. Kuittinen, P. Piimäkorpi, H. Timonen. Effect of aftertreatment on ship particulate and gaseous components at ship exhaust. Espoo: VTT technical research centre of Finland, 2018.
J-P. Jalkanen, E. Majamäki, L. Johansson. 2021. Emissions from Baltic Sea shipping in 2006-2020. Maritime Working Group. MARITIME 21-2021.
J-P. Jalkanen, L. Johansson, M. Wilewska-Bien, L. Granhag, E. Ytreberg, K.M. Eriksson, D. Yngsell, I-M. Hassellöv, K. Magnusson, U. Raudsepp, I. Maljutenko, H. Winnes, J. Moldanova. ”Modelling of discharges from Baltic Sea shipping,” Ocean science, vol. 17, pp. 699-728, 2021. - doi:10.5194/os-17-699-2021
Safety4sea (2023, Feb. 6). Update: Scrubber discharges bans in ports [Online]. Available: safety4sea.com/update-scrubber-discharges-bans-in-ports
L. Osipova, E. Georgeff, B. Comer. “Global scrubber washwater discharges under IMO’s 2020 fuel sulfur limit,” in International council on clean transportation, Washington DC, USA, 2021.
Marine Traffic, (2023, Feb. 8). Travemunde port [online]. Available: https://www.marinetraffic.com/fi/ais/details/ports/385?name=TRAVEMUNDE&country=Germany#Statistics
Stationary source emissions. Determination of mass concentration of nitrogen oxides. Standard reference method: chemiluminescence, SFS-EN 14792/2017, 2017.
Stationary source emissions. Determination of the mass concentration of sulphur dioxide by instrumental techniques, CEN/TS 17021/2017, 2017.
Stationary source emissions. Determination of the mass concentration of carbon monoxide. Standard reference method: non-dispersive infrared spectrometry, SFS-EN 15058/2017, 2017.
Stationary source emissions. Determination of the mass concentration of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen in flue gas. Performance characteristics of automated measuring systems, ISO 12039/2019, 2019.
Stationary source emissions. Determination of volume concentration of oxygen. Standard reference method: Paramagnetism, SFS-EN 14789/2017, 2017.
E.H. Lindstad, C.F. Rehn, G.S. Eskeland. “Sulphur abatement globally in maritime shipping,” Transportation Research Part D, vol. 57, pp. 303–313, 2017. - doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.028
L.M. Abadie, N. Goicoechea, I. Galarraga. “Adapting the shipping sector to stricter emissions regulations: Fuel switching or installing a scrubber?” Transportation Research Part D, vol. 57, pp. 237–250, 2017. - doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.017
E. Ytreberg, S. Åström, E. Fridell. “Valuating environmental impacts from ship emissions – The marine perspective,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 282, article 111958, 2021. - doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111958
A. Matthey, B. Bunger (2023, Feb. 10). Methodological convention 3.0 for the assessment of environmental costs. Cost Rates [Online]. Available: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/1410/publikationen/2019-02-11_methodenkonvention-3-0_en_kostensaetze_korr.pdf
Safety4sea (2023, Feb. 7). Research: Scrubbers responsible for up to 9% of harmful emissions in Baltic Sea [online]. Available: https://safety4sea.com/research-scrubbers-responsible-for-up-to-9-of-harmful-emissions-in-baltic-sea/
Citation note:
Altarriba E., Rahiala S., Tanhuanpää T.: Open-loop Scrubbers and Restricted Waterways: A Case Study Investigation of Travemünde Port and Increased Sulphur Emissions Immediately After the Scrubbers are Turned Off. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 17, No. 2, doi:10.12716/1001.17.02.24, pp. 465-471, 2023
Authors in other databases:
Sirpa Rahiala: Scopus icon58042806500
Taru Tanhuanpää:

Other publications of authors:


File downloaded 125 times








Important: TransNav.eu cookie usage
The TransNav.eu website uses certain cookies. A cookie is a text-only string of information that the TransNav.EU website transfers to the cookie file of the browser on your computer. Cookies allow the TransNav.eu website to perform properly and remember your browsing history. Cookies also help a website to arrange content to match your preferred interests more quickly. Cookies alone cannot be used to identify you.
Akceptuję pliki cookies z tej strony