Journal is indexed in following databases:
- SCOPUS
- Web of Science Core Collection - Journal Citation Reports
- EBSCOhost
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- TRID Database - Transportation Research Board
- Index Copernicus Journals Master List
- BazTech
- Google Scholar
2025 Journal Impact Factor - 0.8
2025 CiteScore - 1.6
ISSN 2083-6473
ISSN 2083-6481 (electronic version)
Editor-in-Chief
Associate Editor
Prof. Tomasz Neumann
Published by
TransNav, Faculty of Navigation
Gdynia Maritime University
3, John Paul II Avenue
81-345 Gdynia, POLAND
e-mail transnav@umg.edu.pl
Multifunctional Facilities as a Strategy for Compact City Development: Spatial and Functional Integration for Sustainable Port-City Transformation
1 Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
ABSTRACT: Port-cities must reconcile maritime operations with growing demands for urban density, accessibility, environmental quality, and public waterfront use. The historical separation of port and urban functions has resulted in fragmented spatial structures, restricted access, and conflicts between operational requirements and urban development priorities. This article examines multifunctional facilities as instruments of compact port-city development. It investigates how buildings and infrastructural complexes can integrate logistics, mobility, maritime services, research, commerce, public amenities, and environmental systems while maintaining seaport safety and operational continuity. The study combined a structured literature review, functional-spatial analysis, and interpretation of port-city and waterfront transformations. It focuses on port-city relations, hybrid infrastructure, functional compatibility, and interactions with the urban and natural environment. The proposed framework positions multifunctional facilities as strategic port-city interfaces that improve land-use efficiency, connectivity, adaptability, and waterfront accessibility without displacing essential water-dependent activities, thereby contributing to compact, sustainable, and resilient structures.
KEYWORDS: Port Infrastructure, Logistics, Environmental Protection, Seaports, Sustainable Development, Port-City, Urban Transport, Intermodal Transportation
REFERENCES
M. Zarei, M. Arasteh, and S. Shahab, “Exploring Port–City Relationships: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 16, no. 11, p. 4341, May 2024, doi: 10.3390/su16114341. - doi:10.3390/su16114341
T. Abramowicz-Gerigk, M. K. Gerigk, L. Hapke, and K. Tetfejer, “Cloud-based system for monitoring loads generated on the quay wall by ship propeller jets,” Marine Structures, vol. 93, p. 103517, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/J.MARSTRUC.2023.103517. - doi:10.1016/j.marstruc.2023.103517
D. Rykaczewski and M. Gerigk, “Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle Control and Surveillance System,” in Engineering Proceedings 2026, Vol. 133, Page 1, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, Apr. 2026, p. 1. doi: 10.3390/engproc2026133001. - doi:10.3390/engproc2026133001
T. Abramowicz-Gerigk, “Sustainable Risk Management of Damage to Seaport Infrastructure Caused by Vessel Impacts,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 18, no. 8, p. 3653, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.3390/su18083653. - doi:10.3390/su18083653
T. Abramowicz-Gerigk, Z. Burciu, M. K. Gerigk, and J. Jachowski, “Monitoring of Ship Operations in Seaport Areas in the Sustainable Development of Ocean–Land Connections,” Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 597, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 597, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.3390/SU16020597. - doi:10.3390/su16020597
M. Gerigk, “Multi-criteria design of multifunctional buildings with particular emphasis on the criterion of functional flexibility,” PhD Thesis, Gdansk University of Technology, 2017. - doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052085
C. J. L. Balsas, “Coastal Waterfront Transformations, Fishing Structures, and Sustainable Tourism,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 16, no. 15, p. 6313, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.3390/su16156313. - doi:10.3390/su16156313
B. Ettorre, G. Daldanise, E. Giovene di Girasole, and M. Clemente, “Co-Planning Port–City 2030: The InterACT Approach as a Booster for Port–City Sustainable Development,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 15, no. 21, p. 15641, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su152115641. - doi:10.3390/su152115641
I. de la Peña Zarzuelo, M. J. Freire Soeane, and B. López Bermúdez, “Industry 4.0 in the port and maritime industry: A literature review,” Journal of Industrial Information Integration, vol. 20, p. 100173, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jii.2020.100173. - doi:10.1016/j.jii.2020.100173
S. Dolana, “The Administrative-Territorial Boundaries Available for a Multiscalar Analysis of EU Port Cities,” UOU scientific journal, vol. 5, no. 05, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.14198/uou.2023.5.05. - doi:10.14198/UOU.2023.5.05
Q. Zhang, S. Zheng, H. Geerlings, and A. El Makhloufi, “Port governance revisited: How to govern and for what purpose?,” Transport Policy, vol. 77, pp. 46–57, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.03.001. - doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.03.001
Y. Kong and J. Liu, “Sustainable port cities with coupling coordination and environmental efficiency,” Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. 205, p. 105534, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.OCECOAMAN.2021.105534. - doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105534
G. D’Amico, K. Szopik-Depczyńska, I. Dembińska, and G. Ioppolo, “Smart and sustainable logistics of Port cities: A framework for comprehending enabling factors, domains and goals,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 69, p. 102801, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.102801. - doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102801
M. Tomko and S. Winter, “Describing the functional spatial structure of urban environments,” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol. 41, pp. 177–187, Sep. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2013.05.002. - doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2013.05.002
D. Zhao, X. Dongmei, and D. Wei, “Research on Port-Industry-City Integration and its Spatial Spillover Effects: Empirical Evidence from the Bohai Sea Rim Region,” Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1653–1679, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s12061-024-09599-2. - doi:10.1007/s12061-024-09599-2
E. Tijan, M. Jović, A. Panjako, and D. Žgaljić, “The role of port authority in port governance and port community system implementation,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1–14, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13052795. - doi:10.3390/su13052795
G. M. Ahlfeldt and E. Pietrostefani, “The economic effects of density: A synthesis,” Journal of Urban Economics, vol. 111, pp. 93–107, May 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jue.2019.04.006. - doi:10.1016/j.jue.2019.04.006
S. E. Bibri, J. Krogstie, and M. Kärrholm, “Compact city planning and development: Emerging practices and strategies for achieving the goals of sustainability,” Developments in the Built Environment, vol. 4, p. 100021, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.dibe.2020.100021. - doi:10.1016/j.dibe.2020.100021
F. Sulaiman, “Compact City: What Is the Extent of Our Exploration for Its Meanings? A Systematic Review,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 15, no. 13, p. 10302, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su151310302. - doi:10.3390/su151310302
C. McFarlane, “Density and the compact city,” Dialogues in Human Geography, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 35–38, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1177/20438206221144821. - doi:10.1177/20438206221144821
S. Balikçi, M. Giezen, and R. Arundel, “The paradox of planning the compact and green city: analyzing land-use change in Amsterdam and Brussels,” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, vol. 65, no. 13, pp. 2387–2411, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1080/09640568.2021.1971069. - doi:10.1080/09640568.2021.1971069
Z. Li, W. Luan, Z. Zhang, and M. Su, “Research on the Interactive Relationship of Spatial Expansion between Estuarine and Coastal Port Cities,” Land, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 371, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3390/land12020371. - doi:10.3390/land12020371
J. Debrie and N. Raimbault, “The port-city relationships in two European inland ports: A geographical perspective on urban governance,” Cities, vol. 50, pp. 180–187, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2015.10.004. - doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.10.004
B. Moretti, “Investigating Port Spatiality: Tools for a Spatial Approach to Port Clusters,” Ocean and Society, vol. 2, p. 9285, 2025, doi: 10.17645/oas.9285. - doi:10.17645/oas.9285
J. Hwang, C. Kang, and Y. Kim, “Port City in Spatial Transition: A Case Study on Culture-led Urban Regeneration,” The Korea Spatial Planning Review (국토연구), vol. 118, pp. 21–41, 2023, doi: 10.15793/KSPR.2023.118..002.
E. Tommarchi, “Waterfront Redevelopment Five Decades Later: An Updated Typology and Research Agenda,” Ocean and Society, vol. 2, no. 0, p. 9265, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.17645/OAS.9265. - doi:10.17645/oas.9265
F. Tanis and F. Erkok, “Learning From Waterfront Regeneration Projects and Contemporary Design Approaches of European Port Cities,” History Urbanism Resilience: Change and Response Planning, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 150–162, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.7480/IPHS.2016.3.1259.
J. S. L. Lam and W. Y. Yap, “A Stakeholder Perspective of Port City Sustainable Development,” Sustainability 2019, Vol. 11, Page 447, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 447, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.3390/SU11020447. - doi:10.3390/su11020447
S. S. Saswat, A. Seetharaman, K. Maddulety, and P. Bakhshi, “Adoption of Sustainability in Seaport Infrastructure: A Systematic Literature Review,” International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–12, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.4018/IJSESD.333861. - doi:10.4018/IJSESD.333861
T. Roberts, I. Williams, J. Preston, N. Clarke, M. Odum, and S. O’Gorman, “Ports in a Storm: Port-City Environmental Challenges and Solutions,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 15, no. 12, p. 9722, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su15129722. - doi:10.3390/su15129722
M. Ziemska-Osuch and S. Guze, “Analysis of the Impact of Road Traffic Generated by Port Areas on the Urban Transport Network—Case Study of the Port of Gdynia,” Applied Sciences 2023, Vol. 13, Page 200, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 200, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.3390/APP13010200. - doi:10.3390/app13010200
E. Andersson et al., “Urban climate resilience through hybrid infrastructure,” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, vol. 55, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2022.101158. - doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2022.101158
L. Herslund, K. Carden, and P. Mguni, “Editorial: Governing hybrid urban infrastructure—The co-production of decentralized, nature-based and localized solutions,” Mar. 27, 2023, Frontiers Media S.A. doi: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1185354. - doi:10.3389/frsc.2023.1185354
B. Hoyle, “Global and Local Change on the Port-City Waterfront,” Geographical Review, vol. 90, no. 3, p. 395, Jul. 2000, doi: 10.2307/3250860. - doi:10.2307/3250860
C. Evans, M. S. Harris, A. Taufen, S. J. Livesley, and L. Crommelin, “What does it mean for a transitioning urban waterfront to ‘work’ from a sustainability perspective?,” Journal of Urbanism, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 349–372, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.1080/17549175.2022.2142648. - doi:10.1080/17549175.2022.2142648
A. Ghafouri and C. Weber, “Multifunctional Urban Spaces a Solution to Increase the Quality of Urban Life in Dense Cities*,” Manzar, vol. 12, no. 51, pp. 34–45, 2020, doi: 10.22034/manzar.2020.214183.2023.
C. Babb, R. Tiwari, and M. Tye, “Green, Blue and Smart: Institutional Work in the Creation of a Multifunctional Infrastructural Space,” Urban Policy and Research, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 293–307, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1080/08111146.2024.2323659. - doi:10.1080/08111146.2024.2323659
G. Iskhojanova, I. Zayats, and L. Sarttarova, “Typological aspects of urban architecture design based on the principle of hybridity,” Innovaciencia, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–8, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.15649/2346075X.2976. - doi:10.15649/2346075X.2976
A. Gurzhiy, S. Kalyazina, S. Maydanova, and R. Marchenko, “Port and City Integration: Transportation Aspect,” in Transportation Research Procedia, Elsevier, Jan. 2021, pp. 890–899. doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2021.02.144. - doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2021.02.144
E. Generalova and V. Generalov, “Mixed-Use High-Rise Buildings: A Typology of the Future,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/753/2/022062. - doi:10.1088/1757-899X/753/2/022062
S. Samarani, “Exploring Port City Porosity and Flows within Port Regions: The Case Study of Port of Malaga and Port of Beirut,” Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 64–72, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20240903.12. - doi:10.11648/j.larp.20240903.12
L. Li and J. Carter, “Exploring the relationship between urban green infrastructure connectivity, size and multifunctionality: a systematic review,” Landscape Ecology, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 61-, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10980-025-02069-1. - doi:10.1007/s10980-025-02069-1
E. Kalaidjian, A. Becker, and S. Pinel, “Operationalizing resilience planning, theory, and practice: Insights from U.S. seaports,” Frontiers in Sustainability, vol. 3, p. 963555, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3389/frsus.2022.963555. - doi:10.3389/frsus.2022.963555
L. Liu and Y. Tian, “Compact Urban Form and Human Development: Retest Based on Heterogeneous Effects,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 2198, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042198. - doi:10.3390/ijerph19042198
Citation note:
Gerigk M.: Multifunctional Facilities as a Strategy for Compact City Development: Spatial and Functional Integration for Sustainable Port-City Transformation. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 20, No. 3, doi:10.12716/1001.20.03.13, pp. 653-662, 2026
Authors in other databases:
57196704576
2VfFkicAAAAJOther publications of authors:
File downloaded 6 times
