Analysis of PSC Inspection Trend Based on Regional MoU Agreement Annual Report and Expert Survey

ABSTRACT: Port State Control (PSC) refers to the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to ensure compliance with international conventions and regulations. When an inspector identifies clear ground during inspection, they are permitted to detain the ship until all deficiencies are rectified. Therefore, this study aims to develop a comprehensive analysis framework to identify the trend of PSC detention based on the regional MoU agreement annual report and specific expert surveys. A traditional computer analysis method was used for data from the annual report of Paris MoU and Tokyo MoU from 2019 to 2023. A survey was carried out to get feedback from expert with various education, experience and areas of expertise. The validity test was assessed based on the (KMO) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and the (MSA) Measure of Sampling Adequacy for each indicator. The number of ship inspection decreased in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic but steadily increased until 2022 across both regional MoU agreements over the last ten years. Paris MoU reported a significant drop to 385 ships in 2020, followed by a increase to 736 ships in 2022. Similarly, Tokyo MoU recorded 493 ships in 2020 and 1334 in 2023. The ISM-related deficiencies consistently have highest percentage compared to other types of deficiency. Poor maintenance during this period was identified as the primary factor contributing to ship detentions. PSC is an important instrument for ensuring that the ship's and its equipment's condition complies with international regulations. Subsequently, the ISM is the most important factors in ship operations, particularly since it is the primary reason ships are detained during PSC inspections. The results of this study offer valuable insights into the marine sector, particularly for ship managers and shipping companies, as well as possible avenues for future research on issues related to port state control (PSC).

KEYWORDS: Maritime Safety, Shipping Industry, Port State Control (PSC), Maritime Policy, Safety Management, International Safety Management (ISM) Code, Statistical Analysis, Ship Operations

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Citation note:

Junaidi A., Yudo H., Ab-Samat H.A.: Analysis of PSC Inspection Trend Based on Regional MoU Agreement Annual Report and Expert Survey. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 20, No. 3, doi:10.12716/1001.20.03.18, pp. 713-721, 2026

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