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1 INTRODUCTION
Satellite positioning systems are indispensable in
carrying out basic marine navigation tasks.
Navigationisunderstoodasaprocessofconducting
a vehicle from one point to another in a safe and
effective way in the appropriate physical and
geographical environment (Kopacz, Urbański, 1998;
Czaplewski, Morgaś, Kopacz, 2010; C
zaplewski,
2014). However, these systems are not enough to
solve the problem of accessibility to reliable and
highly accurate information about an object’s
position,inparticularinrelationtonavigationmarks
that are located on land and at sea. This is
particularly important when performing many
navigationtasks as part of special works as well as
submarine navigation tasks. Furthermore, it is not
alwayspossibletopreciselydeterminethepositionof
objects other tha
n vessels when carrying out
hydrographic works by using satellite technology.