327
1 INTRODUCTION
Maritime Safety and Security requires adequate
responsetoanykindofemergency,quickandreliable
planning and assignment of crew resources and
finally,efficientcrisismanagement.Thesethemesare
some of the most important in maritime education
andtrainingandSTCWManilaAmendmentsapplied
since 2012 (see [4]
‐[6]) reflect a major priority for
training ship’s officers and crews of cargo and
passenger ships in sufficient skills and appropriate
procedures.Thebestwaytoattainexperienceandto
gainthenecessaryskillsarepracticerunsonspecially
designedsimulatorswhichrealisticallyrepresentthe
complexship conditions on board
such vessels after
anemergencyalertoccurs.
Although there are many rules and regulations
alreadyinplace–e.g.SOLAS,STCW,ISM,andISPS‐
itis stillnecessarytoensureapermanent process of
correction and improvement in safety and security
precautionarymeasuresbothinportaswellasatsea.
Thisisdonebytestingandimprovingmodernsafety
andsecurityequipmentandalsoincludesaconstant
review of training and drills. Training is vital for
creatingapermanenthighlevelofsafetyandsecurity
awareness on board to guard against human
complacency on duty and to better motivate ships’
crews.
In their collaborative research work of Wismar
University’s research group (HSW‐ISSIMS) and the
Maritime Simulation Centre in Warnemuende
(MSCW) with the World Maritime Universityʹs
Maritime Risk and System Safety (MaRiSa) research
group are improving training possibilities, e.g. with
thedevelopmentandintegrationofsimulationbased
modules into training
units and course schemes.
Furthermore other studies, e.g., to investigate the
effectivityof safety and security plansand planning
Maritime Safet
y
and Security Challenges – 3D
Simulation Based Training
C.Felsenstein&K.Benedict
HochschuleWismar,UniversityofAppliedSciences–Technology,BusinessandDesign,Germany
M.Baldauf
WorldMaritimeUniversityMalmö(WMU),Sweden
ABSTRACT:MaritimeSafetyandSecurityon boardships verymuchdepends onwelltrainedcrews.Thatis
whytrainingandexercisingemergencyresponseproceduresaswellasefficiencyinreliablemanagementare
extremelynecessary.Ontheotherhandresearchaswellastechnologicaldevelopmentinsafetyandsecurity,
toolsandotherkinds
oftechnical andorganizationalsystemscontribute tofurtherimprovementandguarantee
high levels of safety and security in maritime transportation. Simulation facilities are essential for both
exercising and training but also for research and technological development. This paper introduces the
innovativeconceptofasafetyandsecuritytrainingsimulator(SST
7)anddescribesresearchworkrelatedtothe
implementationoftrainingscenarios.Selectedresultsofacasestudywillbepresented.Ashorterversionofthis
paper was originally presented at the International Conference on “Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea
Transportation”atGdyniainJune2013.
http://www.transnav.eu
the International Journal
on Marine Navigation
and Safety of Sea Transportation
Volume 7
Number 3
September 2013
DOI:10.12716/1001.07.03.02
328
procedures or newsafety devices, are carried out to
assess how they stand up under varying conditions
and during different courses of events in a selected
series of simulation runs. To this end a Safety &
SecurityTrainingsimulator(SST
7)wasdevelopedand
isusedalsoincombinationwithothersimulators.
2 SIMULATIONENVIRONMENTFORSAFETY
&SECURITYTRAININGANDRESEARCH
The Maritime Simulation Centre Warnemuende
(MSCW)isoneofthemostmodernsimulationcenters
worldwide encompassing a full mission Ship
Handling Simulator (SHS), Ship Engine Simulator
(SES)andaVessel
TrafficServicesSimulator(VTSS)
aswell as a newtype of simulator called the Safety
and Security Trainer (SST7) see Figure 1. This
integratedsimulationplatformcomplexwithfourfull
missionsimulatorsenablesthetraineetosimulatethe
entire system ship and offers concrete challenges to
officers and crew on
board. The simulator
arrangement(MSCW)comprises
a Ship Handling Simulator SHS with four Full
Missionbridgesand8PartTaskBridges,
a Ship Engine Simulator SES with 12 Part Task
stationand
a Vessel Traffic Services Simulator VTSS with 9
operatorconsoles
a Safety and Security Simulator
with 10 operator
consoles
Figure1. Maritime Simulation Centre Warnemuende
(MSCW)
At WMU the combined SST7‐Desktop SHS is
installed and used for training and research into
specifichumanerrorfactors([11]‐[13]).
2.1 Integrated useofSafetyandSecuritySimulationfor
trainingandresearch
The new SST
7 simulator was designed by the
manufacturer Rheinmetall Defence Electronics
Bremen (RDE) in co‐operation with Wismar
University, Department of Maritime Studies. The
simulator was originally designed in a basic 2D
version and is now being developed into a 3D
interface. The simulator can be specifically used for
“stand‐alone” exercising
as well as for exercises
incorporating both the SHS and SES. Together with
the full training material set‐up, and including all
ships safety plans, it was introduced as the “mars
7
”
concept[1],[2].Thesimulationsystemcanbeapplied
to specific simulation based studies and has the
potential to help in upgrading existing safety and
securityproceduresintraining.
The situation on board ship regards emergency
preparedness is generally affected by the following
problems:
crew capability and experience in
the event of
„disturbed“operationonvesselsislimitedoreven
non‐existent
multi‐lingual crews cause communication
problemsinanemergencysituation
reduction of crew members causes lack of
manningavailable
complexity of emergency equipment is
permanently developing, but training in
emergency handling is not on
a par with these
developments
Newmanagementsystemsandregulationsofthe
IMO (ISM/ISPS) mean that new methods in
technology for emergency training are necessary.
HSW offers simulation based training courses in
safetyandsecurityatvaryinglevelsofcomplexity;for
ratings at a basic level, for officers and masters at
management level – all in accordance with IMO
standards.
2.2 Integrationofanew 3D‐visualizationmodelintothe
SST
7
OneofthemostinnovativeelementsattheMSCWis
demonstratedonthenewthree‐dimensionaldraftofa
RoPax‐ferry M/V (FS “Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern”)
ontheSST7‐simulator.The3D‐modelapplicationhas
beencreatedbasedontherelevantship’ssafetyplans
andcloselyadherestoaseries of
photosessionstaken
onthevesselandusedfordesignwithinthesoftware
system “3D studio – max”. For the simulator safety
trainingallavailablesafetyequipmentonboardand
safetysystems(e.g.CO2,sprinklersystemandwater
drenching system) have been drafted into the 3D
visualization. Figure2 illustrates the
ship’s plan of
M/V.
Figure2.Visualization3DM/Vdeck9
In addition to the RoPax ferry another complete
modelofacontainervessel,typeCV4500,wasdrawn
up separately as well as a part task model of the
passengervessel“AIDAdiva”.Figure3andFigure4
presentasamplevisualizationoftheparttaskmodel
of the passenger vessel “AIDAdiva”‐ship’s
bridge
and safety & security console behind bridge. The
bridgeandenginecontrolroom(ECR)ofallmodeled
vessels in 3D visualization are equipped with