International Journal

on Marine Navigation

and Safety of Sea Transportation

Volume 5

Number 1

March 2011

1 INTRODUCTION

As vessel move from the water point to water point

and other water environments, safety of safety con-

trols interacting with vessel becomes a key issue [1,

2]. The vessel system must provide a mechanism to

ensure ship safety, given the uncertain environment

and untrained sailors. To ensure the safety and intui-

tiveness of the interaction, the complete system must

incorporate (i) safe mechanical design, (ii) safety

control friendly interfaces such as natural language

interaction and (iii) safe planning and control strate-

gies. Our work focuses on this third item. In particu-

lar, the goal is to develop strategies to ensure that

unsafe sailing does not occur between any point on

an articulated vessel and a safety control in the ves-

sel’s workspace. This paper focuses specifically on

the real time safety during safety control of vessel

interaction. The concept of e-navigation can be

drawn as below figure 1. The process of e-

navigation will affect whole process of development.

The process of practice and operation is affected by

user requirement, operational function, and technical

equipment and gear.

Figure 1. IMO Strategy for E-Navigation Process

2 DESIGN A MODEL FOR SAFETY CONTROL

IN REAL TIME

In this research, there are several navigation equip-

ment were used to analyze navigation data including

from ARPA, AIS, NAVTEX and VHF. It is assumed

that those data were received the data field from low

data given by each navigation aids. In brief, the in-

formation from ARPA and AIS is as follows,

− Present bearing of the target

− Present range of the target

− Predicted target range at the closest point of ap-

proach (CPA)

Safety Control of Maritime Traffic Near by

Offshore in Time

D. Yoon

SUNY Maritime College and Mokpo National Maritime University

M Yi, J. S. Jeong & G. K. Park

Mokpo National Maritime University

N. S. Son

MOERI, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute

ABSTRACT: This paper introduces and presents a strategy for ensuring safety during control of vessel inter-

action in real time. A measure of danger during the interaction is explicitly computed, based on factors affect-

ing the impact force during a potential collision between an object and the vessel. A motion strategy to mini-

mize the danger factors and risk level is developed for articulated degree of freedom for multi activities of

vessel. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. The aim of this research is to

introduce and develop an assistant system by analyzing ships activities in real time from land aspect.

− Predicted time to CPA (TCPA)

− Calculated true course of the target

− Calculated true speed of the target

− IMO number, Call Sign, Name, Length, Beam,

Type of ship, Location of position-fixing antenna

on the ship

− Ship’s Position, Time in UTC, Course over

ground, Speed over ground, Heading, Naviga-

tional status, Rate of turn, Ship’s draught, Haz-

ardous cargo, Destination and ETA

Figure 2. Integrated Service System Using AIS

Based on that information, this paper applied a

model of meaning analysis which is made by each

data field by navigation gear and target-related

knowledge. The model can show just simple sen-

tence. In next, by using the meaning analysis for de-

signed navigational equipment, it is showed a model

of meaning model for target.

Figure 3. Model of Meaning Analysis: If target is Vessel

Case 1: If target is ship or vessel,

− Usually by performing ARPA, AIS, and VHF, the

information can be obtained. Therefore, in this

case, the model of meaning analysis is combined

the information of ARPA, AIS, and VHF. Below

figure can explain this case.

Case 2: If target is other than ship or vessel,

− Usually in this case, the model of meaning analy-

sis is combined the information of ARPA and

NAVTEX because it is impossible to get infor-

mation from AIS and VHF. Below figure can ex-

plain this case.

Figure 4. Model of Meaning Analysis: If target is Other Than

Vessel

The view of intelligent safety information system

and discrete event system

− Step of unit filtering and recognition: need to ana-

lyze data coming up in real time.

− Step of expecting situation: need to check out in

terms of discrete event system.

Figure 5. Navigation Information Mixing System by Discrete

Event System View

− System Draft for Expecting Safety Situation

Figure 6. Draft of Simulation Module for Expecting Situation

1 Three Dynamic Units

− Input Factors: Current Navigation Situation

− Output Factors: Future Navigation Situation

− Inside Unit: Instant Structured Model for Dy-

namic Change of Situation

2 Three Knowledge Base including Behavioral

Base, Structural Base ( Behavioral Base

SES(System Entity Structure)), Regulation Base

Two Inside Process for Structured Model Genera-

tion and Simulation Process

Blocking area theory is effective to avoid single

traffic ship but it has difficulty in avoiding lots of

traffics concurrently in the real sea. Through simula-

tor experiments, it can be found that collision risk is

estimated normally by using fuzzy algorithm, with

the similar tendency of environmental stress in open

sea and confined waterway. It can be drawn in fig-

ure 7.

Figure7. Model Research for Risk Level of Ship Collision

Identification Model for Degree of Collision Risk

Figure 8. Flow Chart and Draft of Assessment Algorism of Degree of Collision Risk

Figure 8 showed a flow of an assessment algorism of degree of collision risk which is used for safe ship

movement planning and control. Based on marine traffic data, interrelated model can be summarized and de-

scribed in below Figure 9.

Figure 9. Chart of Assessment Algorism of Degree of Collision Risk

3 TEST RESULT FOR RISK ASSESSMENT

This research showed the test result of whole con-

cept models in order to verify the assessment model

of risk degree of environment near the vessel. The

structure of test will be shown in the below figure.

Dotted line is to be designed. Experimental frame’s

Generator provides random environmental data for

verify outputting data. In the step of Pre-processing,

data will be treated and processed in order to be un-

derstandable after receiving data. After then, input

data will be used to calculate the assessment result

of risk degree for each parameter after passing fuzzy

professional system. Finally, Total_ERAN Process

will guide and explain total degree of collision risk

and unit risk degree to the user and/or sailor.

Figure 10. Chart of Test System

The experimental result is showed implementa-

tion for random situation and assumed scenario by

generator. In the data base, environment DB are im-

portant parts in real time information and containing

pre-decided environment risk list in its activating

equipment. however in this research, real time envi-

ronment information are created by generator which

are investigating case for conception model , except

in here Result from environment risk assessment by

random cases from generator, Maritime safety in-

formation which is connected and unified to GI-

COMS (General Information Center on Maritime

Safety & Security) makes it possible to revalu-

ate its effectiveness and reproduce

− improve governmental, people require service .By

provide suitable information which are necessary

to government division and company

− improve safety for crew, cargo, vessel by provid-

ing pre-alarm in accident frequent site and danger

site of pirate

− protect personal and national information by in-

ternet based on GICOMS operation security sys-

tem

4 CONCLUSIONS

This study integrates various theories and methodol-

ogies implemented in vessel safety systems into a

unique, original platform. Ultimate goal was the

complete integration of a vessel safety, which in turn

is able to promote the safety, security and comfort of

vessel occupants from collision. Therefore, this pa-

per introduced and presented a model for ensuring

ship safety during a safety control of vessel interac-

tion in real time. The level of danger in the interac-

tion due to a potential collision is explicitly defined

as the danger characteristic. A sequential onestep

ahead trajectory planner (the safety system) is pre-

sented which generates vessel motion by minimizing

the danger characteristic. The algorithm can be used

for redundant or non-redundant manipulators, and

operates correctly at all vessel configurations.

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