383
1 INTRODUCTION
European Union Commission transport statistics
show an increase in inland transport accidents
between2018and2022.[5].
Most incidents involving inland vessels occur in
restricted areas, particularly at the intersection of
inlandandmaritimewaterwaysinEUcountriessuch
as Poland, the Netherlands, Germany, France and
Croatia.[3].
The
journey of an inland waterway vessel from
Wrocław via Szczecin to Gdańsk takes place on an
inlandwaterwayandthenonthesea.Unfortunately,
despite the many technologies available, inland
vesselsarenotvisibleonthebridgeofaseavesseland
viceversa.[21].
Withoutintegrationofcommunicationdevices,
the
MMSI numbers of a seagoing vessel and the ATIS
numbers of an inland vessel are incompatible with
eachother.Alsowithoutintegration,themaritimeAIS
and inland INLAND‐AIS systems and the maritime
andinlandECDISchartsarenotcompatible.[20].
The integration of navigational and radio‐
communications equipment makes
it possible to
increasethesafetyofnavigationthroughtheeffective
transmission of information to SAR Rescue Centres
and the precise determinationofposition, e.g. when
searching for distress situations or underwater
hydrologicalwork.[10].
2 THEMODELOFRADIO‐COMMUNICATIONS
PLATFORMSUPPORTINGINLAND
NAVIGATIONS
The integration of communication systems with
navigation systems makes it possible to create a
management module for data exchange betweenthe
mastersofinlandandmaritimevesselsaswellasRIS
andRCCCentres.
Model of Radio-Communications Platform Supporting
Inland Navigation
A.Lisaj
M
aritimeUniversityofSzczecin,Szczecin,Poland
ABSTRACT:ThearticlepresentsmodeloftheRadio
–
communicationsPlatformsupportingInlandNavigation.
The model of integrated satellite, analog and digital radio – communications systems has been presented.
Individual blocks included in the module architecture has been developed. A communication model which
integratestheGalileosystemwithInland‐AISforthepurposeofobtainingareliablepositioninlimited
waters
hasbeenpresented.ThefunctionalrequirementsoftheGalileoSatelliteSystemforintegrationwithInland‐AIS
inrestrictedareaswascharacterized.Theintegrationofsatellitesystemswasanalysedinordertoimprovethe
compatibilityofCommunicationSystems.
http://www.transnav.eu
the International Journal
on Marine Navigation
and Safety of Sea Transportation
Volume 18
Number 2
June 2024
DOI:10.12716/1001.18.02.15
384
The advanced blocks of communication systems
arethethreemodules:Digitals,Radiotelephonesand
Satellite.
The Digitals are DSC VHF, DSC MF/HF,
RADIOTELEX,NAVTEX,EPIRBandSART.[1],[2].
The Radiotelephones are: VHF and MF
frequencies.
The Satellite are: GPS, INMARSAT, IRIDIUM,
GALILEO,THURAYA,GLOBALSTARandCOSPAS‐
SARSAT.
Figure2.The Radio‐communications Platform
architecture.[7],[8],[9],[13].[Ownwork].
The functional requirements of the Radio‐
communication Platform working for integrated
maritime and inland navigation bridges realizes the
followingfunctions:[4],[15],[19].
radionavigationandsatellitepositioning;
determination of the traffic characteristics of an
inlandwaterwayunit;
obtaininginformationontheownmotionvector;
imageofthenavigational
situationonthebasisof
theECDISandInlandECDIS.;
imageoftheanti‐collisionsituationonthebasisof
theAISandINLAND‐AIS.
Figure3. Satellite devices supporting Inland navigations.
THURAYA–FDU‐XTandInmarsatInland‐ISATPHONE
[22],[23].
3 CONCEPTFORAPROTOTYPEMODULE
INTEGRATINGINLANDAISWITHTHE
GALILEOSATELLITESYSTEM.
The integration of maritime and inland
communication systems through access to modern
radio‐electronictechnologywillallowustoobtainthe
most accurate positioning of a vessel, which is
essential during search and rescue operations, e.g.
man
overboard,aswellasduringunderwaterworkin
restricted areas and manoeuvres of maritime and
inlandvessels.[6],[9].
A concept for a prototype device integrating
INLAND AIS with the GALILEO Satellite System‐
Figure4‐waspresented
Figure4. A concept for a prototype device integrating
INLAND AIS with GALILEO Satellite System.[7],[own
work].
3.1 Themodeldesignedandpresentedincludesthe
followingsubsystems:
3.1.1 AntennareceivingGALILEOsignals.[3].
For the purposes of this module, the following
typescanbeused:
Magnetic – mounted on a metal surface, some
models are additionally equipped with a self‐
adhesivesetthathelpsinfixingtoother
surfaces.
Body Mount – mounted by screwing in the
mounting hole, or self‐adhesive mounted on any
surface.
ModularEOMs–withouthousing,forinstallation
inauserapplication.
3.1.2 Multi‐standardreceiverforpositioningsignals.
The above module provides high positioning
accuracyinpoorsatellitevisibility(e.g.
indenselyand
highly built‐up areas) and a short first position
measurementtime.[17],[18].
GNSS navigation systems to determine the
locationoftheobjectarebasedondataobtainedfrom
thenavigationmessage,transmittedbysatellitesand
information provided by wireless communications
systems, there for they are equipped with INS
modules
andothersensors.
3.1.3 Modulesallowingforcontrolofthedevice.[3],[12].
Controller
385
It is an element that processes and integrates all
the activities of individual ports entering the
device.Thesensorshavebeeninstalledwhichwill
be used by the individual navigation devices in
inlandnavigation.
Additonalsensors‐SEN1,SEN2,SEN3
They are designed for ports coming out of the
device.Thedeviceusingthesensoris aninternal
GALILEO receiver which is supposed to control
receivedsignalsandsentfromandtosatellites,so
astomaintainthegreatestpossibleaccuracywhen
collectinginformationbytheINLANDAISdevice.
Another devices a gyrocompass, which shows a
gyro compass course, which
allows to determine
the trajectory of the ships movement. The third
sensor will be used by the LOG to measure the
speed of the vessel, which is equipped with the
designer device. In the context of Inland
navigation, the synergy of these three sensors by
INLANDAISgives itinformation
intheplane of
speed,courseandpositionaccuracy.[4],[11],[17].
3.1.4 GALILEOaugmentation
It is a local system supporting a specific satellite
positioning.Itismountedtothecontrollerbymeans
ofanentryandexitport.TheEGNOSsystemissued
inEuropeanwaters.[12].
MainPort:
Mainportadapted
toworkwithINLANDECDIS
device. The devices will use two‐way data
transmission. INLAND AIS will collect
information and send it to other receivers, while
INLAND ECDIS will be able to visualize all
received information from local stations in an
integratedbridge.[14],[15],[16].
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
demodulators:
DemodulatorofTDMAtaskistodecodemessages
on normal frequencies. He is connected to the
receivers.
3.1.5 Descriptionofcodinganddecodingblocks.
DemodulatorDSC:[7].
Module decoding messages transmitted on
emergency frequencies. Connected directly to the
DSCreceiveronchannel70.
TDMAandDSCmodulators:
Devices that are
connected directly to the
transmitter.Theyaredesignedtoencodemessages
ontheappropriatefrequencies.
Receive/transfermodule.
It is a block in the presented project where the
maintaskistointegratedallreceivedinformation
bytheVHFantenna
Managementsystem:
The module which generated with designing the
algorithms all integrated navigation information
oncommoninterfaceanddisplay.
ControlPanel.
The display, which will be responsible for
displaying information about nearby objects and
units, will also enable the management of
informationsentbyourreceiverandothervessels
4 SUMMARY
The proposed concept of integrating terrestrial and
satellite
radio communication equipment with
navigation systems, including satellite navigation
systems,isanimportantdirectioninordertoincrease
thesafetyofnavigation.
Everything must be done, using the latest
electronicandcommunicationstechnology,toensure
thatinlandvesselscarrycargosafelyandthatpeople
donotdieonthem.[3].
Navigation
in inland waters and in restricted
areas, where the routes of seagoing vessels are
located,requiresparticularprecisionandattentionon
thepartofskippers.
The enormous amount of data received through
radio‐navigationdevicesrequiressolvingmanyissues
relatedtotheirmanagementandthedevelopmentofa
correctnavigationdecision.
International SAR services need to be able to
cooperate with all partners in Maritime and Inland
Rescue Operation, and an integrated Radio‐
communicationsPlatformcanprovidethis.
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[22]http://www.inmarsat.com
[23]http://www.thuraya.com
