%0 Journal Article
%A Kolakowski, Pawel
%A Rutkowski, Grzegorz
%A Lebkowski, Andrzej
%T Ships-To-Ship Magnetic Mooring Systems – The New Perspectives
%J TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
%V 17
%N 4
%P 841-851
%D 2023
%U ./Article_Ships-To-Ship_Magnetic_Mooring_Kolakowski,68,1355.html
%X Each type of ship must have appropriate mooring systems adapted to the fact that after the end of the voyage and shutdown of its propulsion, it is moored and is not exposed to the dangers related to the negative influence of external factors. Moreover, the mooring of two ships of different and/or similar sizes at sea for transshipment or service always requires special techniques and special care to ultimately avoid damage to the vessel throughout the approach or breakage of the lines due to excessive loads. As reported by the UK P&I Club, mooring incidents are among the top seven types of insurance claims. Most of the vessels still use traditional mooring systems, knowns for centuries. Despite changes in regulations to reduce the number of incidents, also new technologies related to the mooring of ships began to develop. This article provides a review of the latest research focuses, applications, and future perspectives regarding mooring systems mainly related to ship-to-ship interaction. Moreover, a new device called Mobile Electromagnetic Mooring System (MEMS) has been introduced and described. Finally, modern mooring systems' challenges and future perspectives have been discussed.
%@ 2083-6473
%R 10.12716/1001.17.04.10