@article{Lager_Topp_Malec_2020,
	author = {Lager, MÃArten and Topp, Elin Anna and Malec, Jacek},
	title = {VR Teleoperation to support a GPS-free Positioning System in a Marine Environment},
	journal = {TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	pages = {789-798},
	year = {2020},
	url = {./Article_VR_Teleoperation_to_support_a_GPS-free_Lager,56,1061.html},
	abstract = {Small autonomous surface vehicles (ASV) will need both teleoperation support and redundant positioning technology to comply with expected future regulations. When at sea, they are limited by a satellite communication link with low throughput. We have designed and implemented a graphical user interface (GUI) for teleoperation using a communication link with low throughput, and one positioning system, independent of the Global Positioning System (GPS), supported by the teleoperation tool. We conducted a user study (N=16), using real-world data from a field trial, to validate our approach, and to compare two variants of the graphical user interface (GUI). The users experienced that the tool gives a good overview, and despite the connection with the low throughput, they managed through the GUI to significantly improve the positioning accuracy.},
	doi = {10.12716/1001.14.04.01},
	issn = {2083-6473},
	publisher = {Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation},
	keywords = {Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Alternative Navigation Systems, Graphical User Interface (GUI), Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV), Terrain-Aided Navigation (TAN), VR Teleoperation, Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV)}
}