@article{Zmyslowski_Kelner_2026,
	author = {Zmyslowski, Dariusz and Kelner, Jan},
	title = {GNSS Jamming and Spoofing Situational Awareness Maps},
	journal = {TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	pages = {335-352},
	year = {2026},
	url = {./Article_GNSS_Jamming_and_Spoofing_Situational_Zmyslowski,78,1664.html},
	abstract = {The widespread and rich use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) means that they have become a frequent target for intentional interference that impedes, falsifies, or prevents their operational existence. Such activities are related to deliberate disinformation actions or limiting access to services essential for transport, critical infrastructure, government, civil services, or military. They are usually an element of asymmetric hybrid actions carried out as part of information warfare conducted in the electromagnetic spectrum using electronic warfare (EW) techniques, terrorist operations, or are related to human carelessness. In military operations, they constitute a means of influencing navigation warfare (NAVWAR). When GNSS is caused by jamming or spoofing, it becomes challenging to use effectively. Utilizing their services introduces significant uncertainty, as it is unclear whether the provided values for position, speed, and time are reliable. Nowadays, many incidents are observed concerning the jamming of GNSS signals, causing adverse effects on maritime navigation, air operations, and land transport, the synchronization of telecommunications systems (especially mobile), as well as disruptions to the operation of energy and financial systems. The scale of these phenomena is massive, and their scope covers countries (e.g., Ukraine), regions of countries (e.g., Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, and others), also large areas of shipping waters, such as the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, or the Black Sea. In this paper, we present the idea of using situational awareness maps to visualize and assess the current state of disruptions to the functioning of global systems in each region caused by jamming or spoofing.},
	doi = {10.12716/1001.20.02.09},
	issn = {2083-6473},
	publisher = {Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation},
	keywords = {Safety of Navigation, Risk Assessment, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), e-Navigation, Decision Support System (DSS), Methods and Algorithms, Cybersecurity, Navigation Warfare}
}