Journal is indexed in following databases:
- SCOPUS
- Web of Science Core Collection - Journal Citation Reports
- EBSCOhost
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- TRID Database - Transportation Research Board
- Index Copernicus Journals Master List
- BazTech
- Google Scholar
2022 Journal Impact Factor - 0.6
2022 CiteScore - 1.7
ISSN 2083-6473
ISSN 2083-6481 (electronic version)
Editor-in-Chief
Associate Editor
Prof. Tomasz Neumann
Published by
TransNav, Faculty of Navigation
Gdynia Maritime University
3, John Paul II Avenue
81-345 Gdynia, POLAND
e-mail transnav@umg.edu.pl
Validation of a Flow Channel to Investigate Velocity Profiles of Friction-Reducing Ship Coatings
ABSTRACT: Reducing friction with specialised hull coatings or air lubrication technologies has a potential reducing energy consumption and emissions in shipping. The EU project AIRCOAT combines both by developing a passive air lubrication technology inspired by nature that is implemented on a self-adhesive foil system. Besides validating the friction reduction it is of high interest to understand the underlying mechanism that causes the reduction. Therefore, a flow channel was designed, that creates a stationary turbulent flow within a square duct allowing for non-invasive measurements by laser doppler velocimetry. The high spatial resolution of the laser device makes recording velocity profiles within the boundary layer down to the viscous sublayer possible. Determination of the wall shear stress τ enables direct comparison of different friction reduction experiments. In this paper we validate the methodology by determining the velocity profile of the flat channel wall (without coatings). We further use the results to validate a CFD model in created in OpenFOAM. We find that velocities along the longitudinal axis are generally in good agreement between numerical and experimental investigations.
KEYWORDS: Vessel Velocity, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Ship Coatings, Flow Channel, Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV), AIRCOAT Project, Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS), Measurement Volume (MV)
REFERENCES
Barthlott, W., Schimmel, T., Wiersch, S., Koch, K., Brede, M., Barczewski, M., Walheim, S., Weis, A., Kaltenmaier, A., Leder, A., others: The Salvinia paradox: superhydrophobic surfaces with hydrophilic pins for air retention under water. Advanced Materials. 22, 21, 2325–2328 (2010).
Boutier, A. ed: Laser velocimetry in fluid mechanics. ISTE and Wiley, London and Hoboken, NJ (2012).
Czarske, J.: Laser Doppler velocity profile sensor using a chromatic coding. Measurement Science and Technology. 12, 1, 52–57 (2001). - doi:10.1088/0957-0233/12/1/306
Czarske, J., Büttner, L., Razik, T., Müller, H.: Boundary layer velocity measurements by a laser Doppler profile sensor with micrometre spatial resolution. Measurement Science and Technology. 13, 12, 1979–1989 (2002). - doi:10.1088/0957-0233/13/12/324
Dues, M., Burgmann, S., Kriegseis, J., Büttner, L., Czarske, J., Janoske, U.: Profilsensormessungen in einem Kanal mit poroeser Wand: Flow-Measurements within a channel with porous wall using laser Doppler profile-sensor. In: Fachtagung \textquotedblExperiementelle Stroemungsmechanik\textquotedbl. (2019).
Gandyra, D., Walheim, S., Gorb, S., Ditsche, P., Barthlott, W., Schimmel, T.: Air Retention under Water by the Floating Fern Salvinia: The Crucial Role of a Trapped Air Layer as a Pneumatic Spring. Small. 16, 42, 2003425 (2020).
ILA GmbH: Handbook LDV: LDV system fp50 shift/unshift and software LDA control QT. (2008).
ILA GmbH: LDV Profile Sensor: ILA Products. (2021).
Menter, F., Kuntz, M., Langtry, R.B.: Ten years of industrial experience with the SST turbulence model. Heat and Mass Transfer. 4, (2003).
Oeffner, J., Hagemeister, N., Bretschneider, H., Schimmel, T., Jahn, C.: Reducing Friction with Passive Air Lubrication: Initial Experimental Results and the Numerical Validation Concept of AIRCOAT. Proceedings of HIPER’20: 12th Symposium on High-Performance Marine Vehicles:, High-Performance Marine Vehicles, Cortona, Italy, 12-14 October. 405–417 (2020).
Oeffner, J., Jalkanen, J.-P., Walheim, S., Schimmel, T.: From nature to green shipping: Assessing the economic and environmental potential of AIRCOAT on low-draught ships. Proceedings of 8th Transport Research, Arena TRA 2020, April 27-30, 2020, Helsinki, Finland. (2020).
Oeffner, J., Weisheit, J., Oikonomou, F., Schimmel, T., Jahn, C.: Biomimetic Self-adhesives Foils instead of Paints: a Business Case for a Sustainable Ship Hull Coating. Proceedings of 2021 World of Shipping Portugal. An International Research Conference on Maritime Affairs 28-29 January 2021, Online Conference, from Portugal to the World. (2021).
OpenCFD Ltd.: OpenFOAM User Guide. (2021).
OpenCFD Ltd.: OpenFOAM User Guide: A.1 Standard Solvers. (2021).
Park, H., Sun, G., Kim, C.-J. “CJ”: Superhydrophobic turbulent drag reduction as a function of surface grating parameters. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 747, 722–734 (2014). - doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.151
Pope, S.B.: Turbulent flows. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2000).
Schlichting, H., Gersten, K., Krause, E.: Grenzschicht-Theorie. Springer, Berlin (1997).
Zanoun, E.-S.: Flow characteristics in low-speed wind tunnel contractions: Simulation and testing. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 57, 4, 2265–2277 (2018). - doi:10.1016/j.aej.2017.08.024
Zhang, H., Trias, F.X., Gorobets, A., Tan, Y., Oliva, A.: Direct numerical simulation of a fully developed turbulent square duct flow up to. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. 54, 258–267 (2015). - doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2015.06.003
Citation note:
Weisheit J., Schneider V.E., Serr J.M., Hagemeister N., Oeffner J.: Validation of a Flow Channel to Investigate Velocity Profiles of Friction-Reducing Ship Coatings. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 15, No. 1, doi:10.12716/1001.15.01.24, pp. 225-231, 2021
Other publications of authors:
File downloaded 245 times
