Journal is indexed in following databases:
- SCOPUS
- Web of Science Core Collection - Journal Citation Reports
- EBSCOhost
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- TRID Database - Transportation Research Board
- Index Copernicus Journals Master List
- BazTech
- Google Scholar
2024 Journal Impact Factor - 0.6
2024 CiteScore - 1.9
ISSN 2083-6473
ISSN 2083-6481 (electronic version)
Editor-in-Chief
Associate Editor
Prof. Tomasz Neumann
Published by
TransNav, Faculty of Navigation
Gdynia Maritime University
3, John Paul II Avenue
81-345 Gdynia, POLAND
e-mail transnav@umg.edu.pl
Innovative and Sustainable Approaches to Urban Waterborne Transport: Insights from Gdynia Port City
1 Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
ABSTRACT: In order to face current challenges, cities need to introduce and enhance resilient, sustainable and innovative decarbonisation policies and strategies. This also includes coastal urban areas, suffering from particularly heavy congestion, where local and regional authorities and other stakeholders should promote novel environmental-friendly, socially accepted and economically effective mobility patterns. Thus, the paper presents urban waterborne transport development prerequisites and conditions taking as a case study Gdynia located at the Baltic Sea in Poland. Its aim is to explore the tailor-made possibilities and solutions to create a ferry connection recommended in order to enhance sustainable and innovative mobility in the analysed city port area. The study focused on the selected variants investigating possibilities for allowing vessels with alternative fuels, appropriate length and draft parameters to approach existing locations. The paper is based on scientific papers, available industry reports, feasibility studies, urban policies and cities current experiences in planning and operating water transport. Urban waterborne transport development requires an interdisciplinary and multilevel perspective and approach so that future urban strategies contain a complex set of goals and actions to be successfully implemented by decision makers.
KEYWORDS: Port of Gdynia, Autonomous Vessels, Sustainable mobility, Urban Waterborne Transport, Ferry Connection, Passenger Transport, Electric and Hybrid Ferries, Public Transport Integration
REFERENCES
T. Abramowicz-Gerigk, Z. Burciu, M. K. Gerigk, and J. Jachowski, “Monitoring of Ship Operations in Seaport Areas in the Sustainable Development of Ocean–Land Connections,” Sustain., vol. 16, no. 2, 2024, doi: 10.3390/su16020597. - doi:10.3390/su16020597
A. Cuculić, I. Panić, J. Ćelić, and A. Škrobonja, “Implementation of Charging Stations for Hybrid and Electrical Ferries in Croatian Ports,” J. Marit. Transp. Sci., vol. Special edition 4, no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.18048/2022.04.10. - doi:10.18048/2022.04.10
L. Aboud, O. M. Massoud, and A. A. Tawfik, “Zero Emissions Ferries Utilizing PV/ Shore Connection Hybrid Power System,” 2021.
L. M. Aboud and O. M. Farid, “Eco-friendly Suez Canal Ferries Incorporating PV/Shore Connection Hybrid Power System,” Nav. Eng. J., no. 134, 2022.
A. Berntsen, S. Sæther, J. Røyrvik, M. E. Biresselioglu, and M. H. Demir, “The Significance of Enabling Human Consideration in Policymaking: How to Get the E-Ferry That You Want,” Front. Psychol., vol. 12, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635722. - doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635722
M. Połom, M. Tarkowski, and K. Puzdrakiewicz, “Warunki i perspektywy rozwoju wewnątrzmiejskiej żeglugi pasażerskiej na przykładzie Gdańska,” Pr. Kom. Geogr. Komun. PTG, vol. 23, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.4467/2543859xpkg.20.011.12113. - doi:10.4467/2543859XPKG.20.011.12113
E. Gagatsi, T. Estrup, and A. Halatsis, “Exploring the Potentials of Electrical Waterborne Transport in Europe: The E-ferry Concept,” in Transportation Research Procedia, 2016, vol. 14, doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.122. - doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.122
M. G. H. Bell, J. J. Pan, C. Teye, K. F. Cheung, and S. Perera, “An entropy maximizing approach to the ferry network design problem,” Transp. Res. Part B Methodol., vol. 132, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2019.02.006. - doi:10.1016/j.trb.2019.02.006
K. L. Rødseth, K. Fagerholt, and S. Proost, “Optimal planning of an urban ferry service operated with zero emission technology,” Marit. Transp. Res., vol. 5, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100100. - doi:10.1016/j.martra.2023.100100
M. Mańkowska, “The concept of development of passenger ferry services in the Baltic Sea Region in terms of the growing interbranch competition,” 2015.
D. Szpilko and J. Ejdys, “EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL — RESEARCH DIRECTIONS. A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW,” Ekonomia i Srodowisko, vol. 81, no. 2. 2022, doi: 10.34659/eis.2022.81.2.455. - doi:10.34659/eis.2022.81.2.455
European Commission, The European Green Deal. COM(2019) 640 final, Brussels, vol. 53, no. 9. 2019.
S. Mohamed Ali and A. H. Nawawi, “The social impact of urban waterfront landscapes: Malaysian perspectives,” 2009.
G. Pultrone, “Trieste and its port as paradigm of a renewed sea-oriented vision?,” TRIA-TERRITORIO DELLA Ric. SU INSEDIAMENTI E Ambient., vol. 7, no. 1, 2014.
J. Debrie and N. Raimbault, “The port-city relationships in two European inland ports: A geographical perspective on urban governance,” Cities, vol. 50, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2015.10.004. - doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.10.004
M. Tanko, H. Cheemarkurthy, S. Hall Kihl, and K. Garme, “Water transit passenger perceptions and planning factors: A Swedish perspective,” Travel Behav. Soc., vol. 16, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.tbs.2019.02.002. - doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2019.02.002
P. Gełesz, A. Karczewski, J. Kozak, W. Litwin, and Ł. Piątek, “Design Methodology for Small Passenger Ships on the Example of the Ferryboat Motława 2 Driven by Hybrid Propulsion System,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 24, no. s1, 2017, doi: 10.1515/pomr-2017-0023. - doi:10.1515/pomr-2017-0023
M. S. Tannum and J. H. Ulvensøen, “Urban mobility at sea and on waterways in Norway,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, vol. 1357, no. 1, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1357/1/012018. - doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1357/1/012018
M. Tanko and M. I. Burke, “Transport innovations and their effect on cities: The emergence of urban linear ferries worldwide,” in Transportation Research Procedia, 2017, vol. 25, doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.483. - doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.483
M. Tanko, M. I. Burke, and H. Cheemakurthy, “Water Transit and Ferry-Oriented Development in Sweden: Comparisons with System Trends in Australia,” Transp. Res. Rec., vol. 2672, no. 8, 2018, doi: 10.1177/0361198118782275. - doi:10.1177/0361198118782275
M. Tanko, M. I. Burke, and B. Yen, “Water transit and excess travel: discrete choice modelling of bus and ferry trips in Brisbane, Australia,” Transp. Plan. Technol., vol. 42, no. 3, 2019, doi: 10.1080/03081060.2019.1576382. - doi:10.1080/03081060.2019.1576382
M. Tarkowski and K. Puzdrakiewicz, “Connectivity benefits of small zero-emission autonomous ferries in urban mobility—case of the coastal city of gdańsk (Poland),” Sustain., vol. 13, no. 23, 2021, doi: 10.3390/su132313183. - doi:10.3390/su132313183
E. Cabrera, R. Del Teso, E. Gómez, E. Cabrera, and E. Estruch-Juan, “Deterministic model to estimate the energy requirements of pressurized water transport systems,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.3390/w13030345. - doi:10.3390/w13030345
N. P. Reddy et al., “Zero-Emission Autonomous Ferries for Urban Water Transport: Cheaper, Cleaner Alternative to Bridges and Manned Vessels,” IEEE Electrif. Mag., vol. 7, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.1109/MELE.2019.2943954. - doi:10.1109/MELE.2019.2943954
V. Budnyk and K. Lernichenko, “Urban passenger water transport: Operating within public-private partnership (international research and case study),” Econ. Ann., vol. 178, no. 7–8, 2019, doi: 10.21003/ea.V178-07. - doi:10.21003/ea.V178-07
P. A. Jayasinghe, S. Derrible, and L. Kattan, “Interdependencies between Urban Transport, Water, and Solid Waste Infrastructure Systems,” Infrastructures, vol. 8, no. 4. 2023, doi: 10.3390/infrastructures8040076. - doi:10.3390/infrastructures8040076
S. Chen et al., “Coupled simulation of urban water networks and interconnected critical urban infrastructure systems: A systematic review and multi-sector research agenda,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 104. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105283. - doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105283
K. Suresh, C. Forgaci, and D. Stead, “Developing an Integrated and Contextualized Planning and Design Framework for Livable Patterns of Urbanization in Chennai,” Sustain., vol. 14, no. 16, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su141610178. - doi:10.3390/su141610178
G. Fancello et al., “Micro urban spaces and mental well-being: Measuring the exposure to urban landscapes along daily mobility paths and their effects on momentary depressive symptomatology among older population,” Environ. Int., vol. 178, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108095. - doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108095
S. Tahmasseby, “The Implementation of Smart Mobility for Smart Cities: A Case Study in Qatar,” Civ. Eng. J., vol. 8, no. 10, 2022, doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-09. - doi:10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-09
H. A. Tran, T. A. Johansen, and R. R. Negenborn, “Collision avoidance of autonomous ships in inland waterways - A survey and open research problems,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2023, vol. 2618, no. 1, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2618/1/012004. - doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2618/1/012004
A. Abođi, T. Živojinović, S. Kaplanović, and V. Maraš, “Overview and analysis of regulatory framework for the application of autonomous vessels,” Tehnika, vol. 79, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.5937/tehnika2401089a. - doi:10.5937/tehnika2401089A
Y. A. Ahmed, G. Theotokatos, I. Maslov, L. A. L. Wennersberg, and D. A. Nesheim, “Towards autonomous inland waterway vessels — a comprehensive analysis of regulatory, liability and insurance frameworks,” WMU J. Marit. Aff., vol. 23, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s13437-023-00316-3. - doi:10.1007/s13437-023-00316-3
A. Łebkowski and W. Koznowski, “Modeling of an Autonomous Electric Propulsion Barge for Future Inland Waterway Transport,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 24, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16248053. - doi:10.3390/en16248053
L. A. L. Wennersberg, H. Nordahl, Ø. J. Rødseth, V. Bolbot, and G. Theotokatos, “Analysing supply chain phases for design of effective autonomous ship technology in new transport system solutions,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE, 2020, vol. 6A-2020, doi: 10.1115/OMAE2020-18715. - doi:10.1115/OMAE2020-18715
K. Fjørtoft and E. Holte, “Implementing operational envelopes for improved resilience of autonomous maritime transport,” in Human Factors in Transportation, 2022, vol. 60, doi: 10.54941/ahfe1002507. - doi:10.54941/ahfe1002507
M. A. Kudrov, K. D. Bukharov, D. R. Makhotkin, and R. S. Aivazov, “Statement of the Problem of Control of an Autonomous Surface Vessel for Inland Waterways,” World Transp. Transp., vol. 21, no. 3, 2023, doi: 10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-2. - doi:10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-2
M. M. Abaei, A. Bahootoroody, and E. Arzaghi, “Predicting future of unattended machinery plants: A step toward reliable autonomous shipping,” in Proceedings of the International Ship Control Systems Symposium, 2020, vol. 1, doi: 10.24868/issn.2631-8741.2020.011. - doi:10.24868/issn.2631-8741.2020.011
S. Krause et al., “Development of an advanced, efficient and green intermodal system with autonomous inland and short sea shipping - AEGIS,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2022, vol. 2311, no. 1, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2311/1/012031. - doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2311/1/012031
Y. Y. Zhang, J. Shuai, J. Billet, and P. Slaets, “Design and Build of an Autonomous Catamaran Urban Cargo Vessel,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2023, vol. 2618, no. 1, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2618/1/012002. - doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2618/1/012002
G. Peeters et al., “An inland shore control centre for monitoring or controlling unmanned inland cargo vessels,” J. Mar. Sci. Eng., vol. 8, no. 10, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jmse8100758. - doi:10.3390/jmse8100758
Y. Gu and S. W. Wallace, “Operational benefits of autonomous vessels in logistics—A case of autonomous water-taxis in Bergen,” Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev., vol. 154, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2021.102456. - doi:10.1016/j.tre.2021.102456
V. V. Karetnikov, S. F. Shakhnov, and E. L. Brodsky, “Concept for Construction of Unmanned Ferry Lines on Russia’s Inland Waterways,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022, vol. 988, no. 4, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/988/4/042057. - doi:10.1088/1755-1315/988/4/042057
C. Domenighini, “Autonomous inland navigation: a literature review and extracontractual liability issues,” J. Shipp. Trade, vol. 9, no. 1, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1186/s41072-024-00171-2. - doi:10.1186/s41072-024-00171-2
I. Popov, P. Koschorrek, A. Haghani, and T. Jeinsch, “Adaptive Kalman Filtering for Dynamic Positioning of Marine Vessels,” in IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2017, vol. 50, no. 1, doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.394. - doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.394
W. Wang et al., “Roboat II: A novel autonomous surface vessel for urban environments,” 2020, doi: 10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9340712. - doi:10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9340712
W. Wang et al., “Roboat III: An autonomous surface vessel for urban transportation,” J. F. Robot., vol. 40, no. 8, 2023, doi: 10.1002/rob.22237. - doi:10.1002/rob.22237
M. Tarkowski, “Geograficzno-ekonomiczne uwarunkowania sustensywnej transformacji w transporcie – przykład elektryfikacji żeglugi promowej,” Pr. Kom. Geogr. Komun. PTG, 2020, doi: 10.4467/2543859xpkg.19.024.11545. - doi:10.4467/2543859XPKG.19.024.11545
https://www.seatech.com.pl/passanger-vessels/#1622646744420-0a0a7e91-8055 (access on line 19.10.2024)
https://www.damen.com/vessels/ferries/fast-ferries/fast-ferry-4212 (access on line 19.10.2024)
https://cleopatra.is/passenger-ferries/ (access on line 19.10.2024)
https://www.portalmorski.pl/inne/55352-wodne-taksowki-w-polskich-aglomeracjach (access on line 19.10.2024)
https://www.damen.com/vessels/ferries/modular-ferries/modular-ferry-2010 (access on line 19.10.2024)
https://www.austal.com/ships/auto-express-94 (access on line 19.10.2024)
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1357/1/012018/pdf, (access on line 19.10.2024)
https://www.offshore-energy.biz/mf-estelle-world-first-autonomous-electric-ferry-wraps-up-trial-in-sweden/ (access on line 19.10.2024).
W. Koznowski, A. Łebkowski "Navigation of Autonomous Tug via Evolutionary Algorithms with Radar Plot Fitness Evaluation", 2025, Applied Sciences 15, no. 4: 2139. - doi:10.3390/app15042139
Citation note:
Wawrzyńska A., Przybyłowski A., Baziuk M.: Innovative and Sustainable Approaches to Urban Waterborne Transport: Insights from Gdynia Port City. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 19, No. 1, doi:10.12716/1001.19.01.21, pp. 175-184, 2025
Authors in other databases:
Aleksandra Wawrzyńska:
55191239500
9WG8hKUAAAAJMaciej Baziuk:
Other publications of authors:
File downloaded 24 times
