Journal is indexed in following databases:



2023 Journal Impact Factor - 0.7
2023 CiteScore - 1.4



HomePage
 




 


 

ISSN 2083-6473
ISSN 2083-6481 (electronic version)
 

 

 

Editor-in-Chief

Associate Editor
Prof. Tomasz Neumann
 

Published by
TransNav, Faculty of Navigation
Gdynia Maritime University
3, John Paul II Avenue
81-345 Gdynia, POLAND
www http://www.transnav.eu
e-mail transnav@umg.edu.pl
Human Factors as Causes for Shipboard Oil Pollution Violations
1 University of Malaysia, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
2 Malaysian Maritime Academy, Kuala Sungai Baru, Melaka, Malaysia
ABSTRACT: Shipping is a crucial transportation mode for world trade. Operation of ships has become a specialisation. Maritime training addresses the needs and in doing so is heavily regulated. STCW lays down the requirements for such training and all training patterns in the world follow these. An important aspect of the training is the environmental factor. Ships use and carry large quantities of oils. This increases the potential for pollution. The laws and penalties on this front have increased and become stricter. This has decreased the operational pollution yet, there are violations occurring. The natures of violations are not only physical but also in documentation such as falsification of Oil Record Book entries etc. A study was undertaken to understand the effect of factors such as training, experience, attitude and fatigue on the oil pollution violations. The adequacy and effectiveness of current maritime training has been verified with reference to STCW and the recommended Lesson Plans of the IMO. Training apart, hypotheses on other human factors have been framed and tested by statistical methods. In this paper the human factors of experience, attitude and fatigue are projected and the results are discussed. The various statistical methods such as ANOVA, Chi-square and correlation analyses have been applied as appropriate to the nature of the data obtained from the survey results. The survey conducted amongst seafaring officers formed the basis for the hypotheses and the tests. Whereas training is found to be adequate, attitude and fatigue are shown to be the primary factors affecting oil pollution violations. Negligent attitude appears to diminish with increased experience but good attitude towards pollution prevention practices remain irrespective of the variation in experience or training. The factor of fatigue has a mention in many studies and the study validates the same. The concerns on this front are highlighted and recommendations for further probing into attitude-behaviour and fatigue are suggested. Mind-set behaviour training at management levels and pro-activeness of companies in overcoming some reasons for fatigue such as long working hours etc. are suggested. It is observed that attitude and fatigue could be the main causal factors which are resulting in pollution violations.
REFERENCES
Baillie, Don, (1997). Section I, Chapter 2, Concepts of Learning and their Application, Maritime Education and Training – A Practical Guide, 1997, London, The Nautical Institute in conjunction with World Maritime University, ISBN 1 87 00 77 415, pp.10, 11 & Section I, Chapter 3, Concepts, Skills and Competence in a Maritime Setting, pp.18, 20.
BIMCO (10 Mar 2006). BIMCO Study of recent cases involving the International Practice of using Criminal sanctions towards seafarers, (Adopted by BIMCO Board of Directors on 2 Mar 2006, Rev. 10 Mar 2006) & The Presentation of the Study (14 Mar 2006) at IMO/ILO ad hoc Expert working Group on fair treatment of seafarers.
Fabrigar, L. R, Petty, R. E, Smith Steven, M & Crites, S. L. (2006). Understanding Knowledge Effects on Attitude - Behavior Consistency: The Role of Relevance, Complexity, and Amount of Knowledge, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 90, No. 4, pp.556–577.
Fishbein, M, Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, M A: Addison-Wesley.
Gonzalez, Blanco, (2000). Section 3, Analysis of Pollution Incidents at sea and those caused by port operations, Maritime Engineering and Ports II, 2000, WIT Press, UK, ISBN 1-85312-829-5, pp.165-168.
Guidance on Fatigue Mitigation and Management, (12 June 2001). IMO MSC / Circ.1014, Ref T2/4.2.
Hebden, D. G., & Sheehan, C. (24-25 May 1995). The duty of ship owners with regard to safety and pollution prevention, Paper 4, IMAS 95, IMarE Conference on Management and Operation of Ships: Practical Techniques for Today and Tomorrow, Volume 107, 2, pp. 57.
Hendrik van Hammen, F. (January, 2006). Initial Recommendations for Bilge Oily Water Separator System Design and Operation, MEETS Symposium, Arlington, USA, Reprinted in Marine Engineers Review, February, 2006, pp.26, 24.
Investigation Report, (2008). Factors contributing to fatigue and its frequency in Bridge work, Accident Investigation Boards, Finland, Translation of the Original Finnish work, ISBN 951-836-225-4, pgs 44-45.
Kumar, Suboth & Loney, J.S, (August 2008). Marine Environmental Excellence, Route from Compliance to Excellence – A sustainable way, Marine Engineers Review (India), pp. 25.
Marpol 73/78 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973. As modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, 17 February 1978, A.T.S.1988 No.29.
The Human Factor: A Report on Manning, UK P&I Club 2005.
Citation note:
Saharuddin A.H, Osnin A., Balaji R.: Human Factors as Causes for Shipboard Oil Pollution Violations. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 93-99, 2012

Other publications of authors:


File downloaded 980 times








Important: TransNav.eu cookie usage
The TransNav.eu website uses certain cookies. A cookie is a text-only string of information that the TransNav.EU website transfers to the cookie file of the browser on your computer. Cookies allow the TransNav.eu website to perform properly and remember your browsing history. Cookies also help a website to arrange content to match your preferred interests more quickly. Cookies alone cannot be used to identify you.
Akceptuję pliki cookies z tej strony