@article{Astle_Schwarzberg_2013,
	author = {Astle, Hugh and Schwarzberg, Peter},
	title = {Towards a Universal Hydrographic Data Model},
	journal = {TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	pages = {567-571},
	year = {2013},
	url = {./Article_Towards_a_Universal_Hydrographic_Astle,28,468.html},
	abstract = {The International Hydrographic Organization?s (IHO) [1] Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data S-57 [2] standard has been in force for more than a decade, and has successfully been used for official ENCs adopted by Hydrographic Offices around the world and by navigation equipment manufacturers. Additionally S-57 has been used for many additional purposes. However S-57, and especially the administration of the standard, has also experienced limitations. In 2010, IHO released the next generation hydrographic standard called S-100 Universal Hydrographic Data Model [3]. A move that will open up the door to new possibilities to existing S-57 users and potentially broaden the use of IHO standards in the hydrographic community.
This paper will try to explain why an S-57 replacement was needed and give examples on some possibilities with S-100 and its derived product specifications such as S-101.},
	doi = {10.12716/1001.07.04.12},
	issn = {2083-6473},
	publisher = {Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation},
	keywords = {Maritime Applications, Geographic Information System (GIS), IHO S-100, GIS Technology, International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data S-57, Hydrographic Offices, Universal Hydrographic Data Model (UHDM)}
}